The use of an in vitro adventitious bud technique for mutation breeding of Begonia x hiëmalis

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

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Ovaries of Chrysanthemum Irradiated with High-Energy Photons and High-Energy Electrons Can Regenerate Plants with Novel Traits

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1111

Author(s):

Natalia Miler ◽

Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽

Seweryn Jakubowski ◽

Janusz Winiecki

Keyword(s):

Total Dose ◽

In Vitro Regeneration ◽

High Energy ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Breeding Method ◽

High Energy Electrons

Classical mutation breeding using physical factors is a common breeding method for ornamental crops. The aim of our study was to examine the utility of ovaries excised from irradiated inflorescences of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) as explants for breeding purposes. We studied the in vitro regeneration capacity of the ovaries of two chrysanthemum cultivars: ‘Profesor Jerzy’ and ‘Karolina’ preceded by irradiation with high-energy photons (total dose 5, 10 and 15 Gy) and high-energy electrons (total dose 10 Gy). Growth and inflorescence parameters of greenhouse acclimatized regenerants were recorded, and ploidy level was estimated with flow cytometry. The strong impact of genotype on regeneration efficiency was recorded—cultivar ‘Karolina’ produced only 7 viable shoots, while ‘Profesor Jerzy’ produced totally 428 shoots. With an increase of irradiation dose, the regeneration decreased, the least responsive were explants irradiated with 15 Gy high-energy photons and 10 Gy high-energy electrons. Regenerants of ‘Profesor Jerzy’ obtained from these explants possessed shorter stem and flowered later. The highest number of stable, color and shape inflorescence variations were obtained from explants treated with 10 Gy high-energy photons. Variations of inflorescences were predominantly changes of shape—from full to semi-full. New color phenotypes were dark yellow, light yellow and pinkish, among them only the dark yellow phenotype remained stable during second year cultivation. None of the regenerants were haploid. The application of ovaries irradiated within the whole inflorescence of chrysanthemum can be successfully applied in the breeding programs, provided the mother cultivar regenerate in vitro efficiently.

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IMPROVEMENT OF ADVENTITIOUS BUD FORMATION AND PLANTLET REGENERATION FROM IN VITRO LEAFLET EXPLANTS OF ROSES (ROSA HYBRIDA L.)

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2000.520.28 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Ibrahim ◽

P.C. Debergh

Keyword(s):

Plantlet Regeneration ◽

Rosa Hybrida ◽

Adventitious Bud ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Adventitious Bud Formation

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Disease-resistant transgenic adzuki bean plants obtained through an efficient transformation system

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12300 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huatao Chen ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Heping Gu ◽

Xingxing Yuan ◽

Hongmei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Adventitious Bud ◽

Adzuki Bean ◽

Transformation System ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Bud Induction

An efficient regeneration and transformation system was established and optimised for adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi). 6-Benzylaminopurine at 5 mg L–1 was used to increase adventitious bud induction frequency. The highest frequency of shoot elongation was 92.8% when using a medium composition of MS salts combined with 0.1 mg L–1 of IAA, 0.5 mg L–1 of GA3, 1.0 mg L–1 of zeatin-riboside, 50 mg L–1 of aspartic acid, and 50 mg L–1 of glutamic acid. In vitro rooting was 100% when shoots were cultured on the solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L–1 of NAA. Reproducible transformation of epicotyl explants was developed using the A. tumefaciens EHA105 strain. Using a concentration of 40 mg L–1 of acetosyringone, 20 mm MES, and 5 mg L–1 of 6-benzylaminopurine in the co-cultivation medium, a transformation efficiency of 12.6% was attained. Using this transformation protocol, we obtained transgenic adzuki bean plants resistant to soybean mosaic virus by introducing the V. angularis VaPR3 gene.

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