Characteristics of a strong promoter from figwort mosaic virus: comparison with the analogous 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus and the regulated mannopine synthase promoter

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Sanger ◽  
Steve Daubert ◽  
Robert M. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Strong Promoter ◽  
Figwort Mosaic Virus

scholarly journals Quantification of the 35S Promoter in DNA Extracts from Genetically Modified Organisms Using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Specificity Assessment on Various Genetically Modified Organisms, Part I: Operating Procedure

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Fernandez ◽  
Chrystèle Charles-Delobel ◽  
Angèle Geldreich ◽  
Georges Berthier ◽  
Francine Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Conserved Sequence

Abstract A highly sensitive quantitative real-time assay targeted on the 35S promoter of a commercial genetically modified organism (GMO) was characterized (sF/sR primers) and developed for an ABI Prism® 7700 Sequence Detection System and TaqMan® chemistry. The specificity assessment and performance criteria of sF/sR assay were compared to other P35S-targeted published assays. sF/sR primers amplified a 79 base pair DNA sequence located in a part of P35S that is highly conserved among many caulimovirus strains, i.e., this consensus part of CaMV P35S is likely to be present in many GM events. According to the experimental conditions, the absolute limit of detection for Bt176 corn was estimated between 0.2 and 2 copies of equivalent genome (CEG). The limit of quantification was reached below 0.1% Bt176 content. A Cauliflower Mosaic Virus control (CaMV) qualitative assay targeted on the ORF III of the viral genome was also used as a control (primers 3F/3R) to assess the presence of CaMV in plant-derived products. The specificity of this test was assessed on various CaMV strains, including the Figwort Mosaic Virus (FMV) and solanaceous CaMV strains. Considering the performance of sF/sR quantification test, the highly conserved sequence, and the small size of the amplicon, this assay was tested in a collaborative study in order to be proposed as an international standard.

scholarly journals The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S Promoter Extends into the Transcribed Region

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (22) ◽  
pp. 12120-12128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Pauli ◽  
Helen M. Rothnie ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Xiaoyuan He ◽  
Thomas Hohn
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Transcription Start ◽  
Transcriptional Enhancers ◽  
Enhance Gene Expression ◽  
Enhancer Function ◽  
Nucleotide Region ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S

ABSTRACT A 60-nucleotide region (S1) downstream of the transcription start site of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA can enhance gene expression. By using transient expression assays with plant protoplasts, this activity was shown to be at least partially due to the effect of transcriptional enhancers within this region. We identify sequence motifs with enhancer function, which are normally masked by the powerful upstream enhancers of the 35S promoter. A repeated CT-rich motif is involved both in enhancer function and in interaction with plant nuclear proteins. The S1 region can also enhance expression from heterologous promoters.

scholarly journals Differential Roles of AC2 and AC4 of Cassava Geminiviruses in Mediating Synergism and Suppression of Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 9487-9498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Vanitharani ◽  
Padmanabhan Chellappan ◽  
Justin S. Pita ◽  
Claude M. Fauquet
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

ABSTRACT Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants is a natural defense mechanism against virus infection. In mixed infections, virus synergism is proposed to result from suppression of the host defense mechanism by the viruses. Synergistic severe mosaic disease caused by simultaneous infection with isolates of the Cameroon strain of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV-[CM]) and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV) in cassava and tobacco is characterized by a dramatic increase in symptom severity and a severalfold increase in viral-DNA accumulation by both viruses compared to that in singly infected plants. Here, we report that synergism between ACMV-[CM] and EACMCV is a two-way process, as the presence of the DNA-A component of ACMV-[CM] or EACMCV in trans enhanced the accumulation of viral DNA of EACMCV and ACMV-[CM], respectively, in tobacco BY-2 protoplasts. Furthermore, transient expression of ACMV-[CM] AC4 driven by the Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (p35S-AC4) enhanced EACMCV DNA accumulation by ∼8-fold in protoplasts, while p35S-AC2 of EACMCV enhanced ACMV-[CM] DNA accumulation, also by ∼8-fold. An Agrobacterium-based leaf infiltration assay determined that ACMV-[CM] AC4 and EACMCV AC2, the putative synergistic genes, were able to suppress PTGS induced by green fluorescent protein (GFP) and eliminated the short interfering RNAs associated with PTGS, with a correlated increase in GFP mRNA accumulation. In addition, we have identified AC4 of Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus and AC2 of Indian cassava mosaic virus as suppressors of PTGS, indicating that geminiviruses evolved differently in regard to interaction with the host. The specific and different roles played by these AC2 and AC4 proteins of cassava geminiviruses in regulating anti-PTGS activity and their relation to synergism are discussed.

scholarly journals trans-Dominant Inhibition of Geminiviral DNA Replication by Bean Golden Mosaic Geminivirus rep Gene Mutants

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Hanson ◽  
Douglas P. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Suspension Cell Culture ◽  
Dna Nicking

Geminiviruses are a group of single-stranded DNA viruses that cause major losses on a number of important crops throughout the world. Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV) is a typical bipartite, whitefly-transmitted geminivirus that causes a severe disease on beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the Western Hemisphere. The lack of natural resistance to geminiviruses has led to attempts to engineer resistance, particularly through the use of pathogen-derived resistance strategies. The rep gene contains several conserved domains including nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)-binding and DNA-nicking domains and is the only geminiviral gene necessary for replication. Previous analysis by our group and others has demonstrated that the NTP-binding and DNA-nicking domains are necessary for geminiviral DNA replication. The ability of the rep gene and rep gene mutants to interfere with geminiviral DNA replication, when expressed in trans, was examined using a transient assay in a tobacco suspension cell culture system. Wild-type (wt) and mutant rep genes were cloned into plasmids under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter for in planta expression and coinoculated into tobacco cells with infectious clones of various geminiviruses. The wt rep gene from BGMV-GA was able to support replication of BGMV-GA DNA-B. Several different rep gene mutants, with function-abolishing mutations in the NTP-binding or DNA-nicking domains, were potent trans-dominant inhibitors of geminiviral DNA replication.

Regulation of mRNA formation in plants: lessons from the cauliflower mosaic virus transcription signals

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Sanfaçon
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyadenylation Signal ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Virus Transcription ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Plant Promoters ◽  
Transcription Signals

The cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) transcription signals are common tools of plant molecular biologists. In this article, the transcription signals are discussed in light of the life cycle of CaMV, a plant pararetrovirus. Production of mature 35S RNA, the terminally redundant genomic RNA, is regulated by the 35S promoter, a very strong promoter, and by the polyadenylation signal that is present twice on the RNA but recognized only at its 3′ end. Dissection of the promoter has identified several organ-specific elements acting in concert to express the 35S RNA in most plant cells. Studies on the polyadenylation signal have revealed upstream elements inducing recognition of the AATAAA sequence and have led to the proposal that the conditional recognition of this signal is dependent on its distance from the promoter. Comparison of the CaMV signals with other plant signals allows speculation on the plant transcriptional machinery and on some striking resemblances and differences to the animal and yeast systems. Finally, potential applications of this knowledge will be described such as the construction of hybrid plant promoters or polyadenylation signals using the 35S minimal elements. Key words: cauliflower mosaic virus, 35S promoter, polyadenylation signal, 35S RNA, transcription, retroviruses.

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