Smut severity of pearl millet hybrids with male sterile and fertile cytoplasm

Euphytica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
O. P. Yadav ◽  
I. S. Khairwal ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Male Sterile

scholarly journals TOPCROSS HYBRIDS AS AN ENTRY INTO COMMERCIAL SEED PRODUCTION OF PEARL MILLET IN EASTERN AFRICA

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. BIDINGER ◽  
A. G. BHASKER RAJ ◽  
NEGUSSE ABRAHA ◽  
ADAM MOHAMED ALI ◽  
A. B. OBILANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Topcross Hybrids

Pearl millet topcross hybrids (inbred male-sterile seed parent × open-pollinated variety restorer) based on locally adapted varieties and publicly available seed parents provide an ideal entry point into the commercial hybrid seed business, which can stimulate commercial investment by prospective seed producers. To demonstrate this potential, fifteen topcross hybrids made with the widely adapted variety ICMV 221 were evaluated in Eritrea, Sudan and Kenya for overall field performance, and in India for mechanisms of expression of heterosis and for terminal drought tolerance. Across all evaluation environments, the mean yield heterosis was 8%, with a range of −1% to +19%; six hybrids had a statistically significant, positive across-environment yield heterosis (ranging from +11% to +19%). Significant grain yield heterosis in rainy season environments was a consequence of heterosis in both biomass and harvest index, but not necessarily in any specific yield component. Positive grain yield heterosis under terminal drought stress, a common occurrence in millet-growing environments, was related to positive heterosis for grain size. These results are discussed in terms of their support for topcross hybrids as an entry point for prospective millet seed producers, and a scheme presented for the rapid creation, evaluation and marketing of locally adapted topcross hybrids.

Registration of Pearl Millet Genetic Male-Sterile (ms 3 ) Stock NM-10H

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-367
Author(s):  
D. J. Andrews ◽  
J. F. Rajewski ◽  
I. Dweikat
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Male Sterile

Fertility Restoration and Cytological Studies of Pollen in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) Male Sterile and Fertile Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
M. Vetriventh ◽  
A. Nirmalakum ◽  
K. Ganeshamur ◽  
D. Sudhakar ◽  
S. Ganapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Male Sterile

scholarly journals Exploitation of Heterosis in Pearl Millet: A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Srivastava ◽  
Srikanth Bollam ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Pujarula ◽  
Madhu Pusuluri ◽  
Ram B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Single Cross

The phenomenon of heterosis has fascinated plant breeders ever since it was first described by Charles Darwin in 1876 in the vegetable kingdom and later elaborated by George H Shull and Edward M East in maize during 1908. Heterosis is the phenotypic and functional superiority manifested in the F1 crosses over the parents. Various classical complementation mechanisms gave way to the study of the underlying potential cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for heterosis. In cereals, such as maize, heterosis has been exploited very well, with the development of many single-cross hybrids that revolutionized the yield and productivity enhancements. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is one of the important cereal crops with nutritious grains and lower water and energy footprints in addition to the capability of growing in some of the harshest and most marginal environments of the world. In this highly cross-pollinating crop, heterosis was exploited by the development of a commercially viable cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) system involving a three-lines breeding system (A-, B- and R-lines). The first set of male-sterile lines, i.e., Tift 23A and Tift18A, were developed in the early 1960s in Tifton, Georgia, USA. These provided a breakthrough in the development of hybrids worldwide, e.g., Tift 23A was extensively used by Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana, India, for the development of the first single-cross pearl millet hybrid, named Hybrid Bajra 1 (HB 1), in 1965. Over the past five decades, the pearl millet community has shown tremendous improvement in terms of cytoplasmic and nuclear diversification of the hybrid parental lines, which led to a progressive increase in the yield and adaptability of the hybrids that were developed, resulting in significant genetic gains. Lately, the whole genome sequencing of Tift 23D2B1 and re-sequencing of circa 1000 genomes by a consortium led by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) has been a significant milestone in the development of cutting-edge genetic and genomic resources in pearl millet. Recently, the application of genomics and molecular technologies has provided better insights into genetic architecture and patterns of heterotic gene pools. Development of whole-genome prediction models incorporating heterotic gene pool models, mapped traits and markers have the potential to take heterosis breeding to a new level in pearl millet. This review discusses advances and prospects in various fronts of heterosis for pearl millet.

Dual-purpose landraces of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) as sources of high stover and grain yield for arid zone environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Yadav ◽  
F. R. Bidinger
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Western India ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Topcross Hybrids

Both stover and grain are important considerations in the adoption of the new pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) cultivars in crop–livestock farming system in north-west India. Local landrace germplasm contains many of the traits needed to breed new cultivars, which met such requirements. We evaluated 169 pearl millet landraces to assess their potential for breeding new open-pollinated varieties, and measured heterosis in landrace testcrosses to evaluate their potential for topcross hybrids breeding. There were significant differences among landraces in their total biomass, grain yield and stover yield. A high accumulation of biomass, followed by its efficient partitioning, was crucial in determining grain productivity under arid zone. There was also no trade-off between stover and grain productivity and several landraces outperformed check cultivars in both grain and stover yields. The manifestation of heterosis in the landrace-based topcross hybrids varied for different traits. Significant heterosis for biomass, grain yield and stover yield was observed in specific male-sterile seed parent × landrace-based pollinator combinations. Utilization of landraces in variety development and topcross hybrids breeding programmes targeting north-western India or similar regions are discussed.

Cytoplasmic differentiation using near-isonuclear polycytoplasmic male sterile lines in pearl millet

Euphytica ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Virk ◽  
J. S. Brar ◽  
B. K. Mangat
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Differentiation
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