Genetic strategies to determine the mode of 2n egg formation in diploid potatoes

Euphytica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Douches ◽  
C. F. Quiros
Keyword(s):  
Egg Formation ◽  
Genetic Strategies

scholarly journals Duration of Egg Formation in Chickens during Heat Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1687-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon O. Nordstrom
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Egg Formation

scholarly journals Whole blood and blood components from vertebrates differentially affect egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby E. Harrison ◽  
Mark R. Brown ◽  
Michael R. Strand
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Serum Albumins ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Reproductive Response

Abstract Background Most female mosquitoes are anautogenous and must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs. Prior studies show that the number of eggs females lay per clutch correlates with the volume of blood ingested and that protein is the most important macronutrient for egg formation. In contrast, how whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins from different vertebrates affect egg formation is less clear. Since egg formation is best understood in Aedes aegypti, we examined how blood and blood components from different vertebrates affect this species and two others: the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and arbovirus vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods Adult female mosquitoes were fed blood, blood fractions and purified major blood proteins from different vertebrate hosts. Markers of reproductive response including ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, yolk deposition into oocytes and number of mature eggs produced were measured. Results Ae. aegypti, An. gambiae and C. quinquefasciatus responded differently to meals of whole blood, plasma or blood cells from human, rat, chicken and turkey hosts. We observed more similarities between the anthropophiles Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae than the ornithophile C. quinquefasciatus. Focusing on Ae. aegypti, the major plasma-derived proteins (serum albumin, fibrinogen and globulins) differentially stimulated egg formation as a function of vertebrate host source. The major blood cell protein, hemoglobin, stimulated yolk deposition when from pigs but not humans, cows or sheep. Serum albumins from different vertebrates also variably affected egg formation. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) stimulated ovary ecdysteroidogenesis, but more weakly induced digestive enzyme activities than whole blood. In contrast, BSA-derived peptides and free amino acids had no stimulatory effects on ecdysteroidogenesis or yolk deposition into oocytes. Conclusions Whole blood, blood fractions and specific blood proteins supported egg formation in three species of anautogenous mosquitoes but specific responses varied with the vertebrate source of the blood components tested.

CROSSING OVER AND DIPLOID EGG FORMATION IN THE ELONGATE MUTANT OF MAIZE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-450
Author(s):  
P M Nel
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Chromosome 5 ◽  
Basic Difference ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Preferential Segregation ◽  
Centric Region ◽  
Female Values ◽  
Female Flowers

ABSTRACT Rhoades (1941) found recombination in the proximal regions of chromosome 5 to be higher in male than in female flowers. Two explanations were proposed to account for the lower female values, namely: (1) there is a basic difference in rates of crossing over in mega- and microsporocytes, or (2) selective orientation of the chromosome 5 bivalent on the meiotic spindle leads to the preferential segregation of noncrossover chromatids to the basal megaspore. These alternatives have been tested by carrying out a half-tetrad analysis of the diploid eggs produced by plants homozygous for the recessive elongate (el) allele. The A2—Bt crossover values determined from the diploid eggs of elongate plants were much lower than those calculated from haploid sperm of both El el and el el plants. Since male and female flowers should have similar cross-over values if the orientation hypothesis were correct, it was concluded that the amount of crossing over in the A2-Bt region of chromosome 5 is intrinsically higher in male than in female meiocytes. In the analysis of diploid eggs the use of the Bt locus, which marks the centric region of chromosome 5, provided information on the origin of diploid eggs. The genotypic constitution of 425 diploid eggs was ascertained. Of these, 20.4% were Bt bt. They could not be accounted for by failure of the second meiotic division or by replication during the interphase between the two meiotic divisions, but are expected if there is a single division with an equational separation of the centromere regions of chromosome 5. The Bt Bt and bt bt genotypes arise from a disjunctional separation. It is proposed that diploid eggs are produced by an abnormal meiosis in which there is one division with either disjunctional or equational separation. Disjunctional separation is more frequent but the ratio of the two types varies from ear to ear. Recombination in the A2-Bt-Pr region of chromosome 5 was found to be higher in the haploid gametes of elongate homozygotes than in El El and El el plants. On the other hand, crossing over was reduced in the Sh-Bz segment of chromosome 9 in elongate plants, but the adjacent Bz—Wx interval was unaffected.

Recent Patents on Melanoma with Focus on Genetic Strategies

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Talia Gramiccia ◽  
Rosita Saraceno ◽  
Alessandro Stefani ◽  
Sergio Chimenti ◽  
Alessandro Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Strategies

Use of half-tetrad analysis to discriminate between two types of 2n egg formation in a potato haploid

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Werner ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Rosanna Freyre
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
First Division Restitution ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Second Division Restitution ◽  
2N Eggs ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny

The ratio of the first division restitution (FDR) to second division restitution (SDR) 2n eggs was estimated in 4182t, a haploid (2n = 2x = 24) of Solanum tuberosum L. that produces 2n eggs by the two modes. The segregation of three genes previously mapped relative to their centromeres, Pgm-2 (2.0 cM), Mdh-1 (33.5 cM), and 6-Pgdh-3 (30.1 cM) was analyzed in the tetraploid offspring of a 2x × 4x cross. Based on the segregation of the Pgm-2 locus, 39.7% of the progeny originated from FDR 2n eggs and 60.3% from SDR. Segregation patterns of the two distal loci within the FDR-derived 4x subpopulation indicated that the gene–centromere recombination rate during megasporogenesis was significantly reduced for Mdh-1 when compared with a previous estimate during microsporogenesis. In the SDR-derived 4x subpopulation, the gene–centromere recombination rates for Mdh-1 and 6-Pgdh-3 were not significantly different from previous estimates. Tetraploid progeny generated from one 2x × 4x cross where the 2x parent produces 2n gametes by two modes can be used to make an unbiased comparison of the potential breeding value of FDR and SDR gametes.Key words: potato, megasporogenesis, first division restitution, second division restitution, isozyme.

15-Lipoxygenase-2 Deficiency Induces a Dysfunction in Macrophages That Can Be Restored by Salidroside

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Huang Huang ◽  
Tingting Li Li ◽  
Xi Yong Yong ◽  
Huling Wen Wen ◽  
Xing Zhou Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Immunological Function ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genetic Strategies

Abstract 15-Lipoxygenase-2(15-LOX-2) is thought to regulate inflammation and immunological function however, its mechanisms of action are still unclear. Furthermore, it has been reported that salidroside has anti inflammatory properties , but its role in macrophage function has not been understood yet In this study, we aimed to determine how 15-LOX-2 expression level s affect the function of macrophages and the effect of salidroside on 15-LOX-2 deficient macrophages We used multiple functional genetic strategies to determine 15-LOX-2 function in macrophages. 15-LOX-2 deficiency promotes phagocytosis and proliferation of macrophages and impairs their apoptosis Mechanistically, t he expression levels of cyclophilinB (CypB) were upregulated in 15-LOX-2 deficient Ana 1 macrophages, whereas those of caspase 3 were down regulated. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis showed that inflammation, complement, and TNF-α signaling pathway s were all activated in 15-LOX-2 deficient Ana 1 macrophages. Treatment of 15-LOX-2 deficient macrophages with salidroside, a natural product derived from Rhodiola species, effectively reversed the effects of 15-LOX-2 deficiency on caspase 3 and CypB levels, as well as on apoptosis and proliferation. In conclusion, our study shows that there is a newly identified link between 15-LOX-2 deficiency and salidroside in regulating macrophage survival, proliferation, and function. Salidroside may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating inflammation related diseases resulting from 15-LOX-2 deficiency.

Genetic Strategies to Understand Human Diabetic Nephropathy: Wet-Lab Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-240
Author(s):  
Laura J. Smyth ◽  
Katie Kerr ◽  
Seamus Duffy ◽  
Jill Kilner ◽  
Amy Jayne McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Genetic Strategies
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