Cytological identification of 1B/1R wheat-rye translocations in winter wheat breeding lines

Euphytica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lane Rayburn ◽  
Brett F. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rye Translocations

scholarly journals Reaction of winter wheat genotypes to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola(Fuckel) Schroeter

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-246
Author(s):  
Ewa Mirzwa-Mróz ◽  
Czesław Zamorski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

The response of Polish winter wheat genotypes to <i>M.graminicola</i> (preliminary experiments and cultivar collections) was observed in different regions of Poland. Observations were carried out in 1995-1999. The winter wheat genotypes showed a broad spectrum of reaction to this pathogen. Between 1997 and 1999 the highest degree of infection on winter wheat breeding lines was noted in Kończewice. During this time no genotypes free from infection were observed (preliminary breeding experiments). Cultivars with no symptoms of <i>Septoria tritici</i> blotch (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) were found among old genotypes in Słupia Wielka only in earlier experiments (1995-1996). In the years 1997-1999 the winter wheat cultivars were classified into groups on the basis of their response to the pathogen. The degree of infection for the majority cultivars was quite high.

Isolation of differentially expressed genes in wheat caryopses with contrasting starch granule size

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Rita Armonienė ◽  
Kristina Jonavičienė ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas ◽  
Gintaras Brazauskas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Breeding Lines

AbstractIn order to identify genes responsible for starch granule initiation during early development of wheat caryopsis, nine winter wheat breeding lines were studied. Two breeding lines, which are the most diverse in A-type granule size (26.85 µm versus 23.65 µm) were chosen for further differential gene expression analysis in developing caryopses at 10 and 15 days post-anthesis (DPA). cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) analysis resulted in 384 transcript-derived fragments, out of which 18 were identified as being differentially expressed. Six differentially expressed genes, together with the six well-known starch biosynthesis genes, were chosen for semi-quantitative gene expression analysis in developing wheat caryopses at 10 and 15 DPA. This study provides genomic information on 18 genes differentially expressed at early stages of wheat caryopses development and reports on the identification of genes putatively involved in the production of large A-type granules. These genes are targets for further validation on their role in starch granule synthesis control and provide the basis for the development of DNA marker tools in winter wheat breeding for enhanced starch quality.

scholarly journals Genetic Architecture of End-use Quality Traits in Soft White Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Aoun ◽  
Arron H. Carter ◽  
Craig F. Morris ◽  
Alecia M. Kiszonas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
End Use

Abstract Background:Genetic improvement of end-use quality is an important objective in wheat breeding programs to meet the requirements of grain markets, millers, and bakers. However, end-use quality phenotyping is expensive and laborious thus, testing is often delayed until advanced generations. To better understand the underlying genetic architecture of end-use quality traits, we investigated the phenotypic and genotypic structure of 14 end-use quality traits in 672 advanced soft white winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars adapted to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.Results:This collection of germplasm had continuous distributions for the 14 end-use quality traits with industrially significant differences for all traits. The breeding lines and cultivars were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing and 40,518 SNP markers were used for association mapping (GWAS). The GWAS identified 178 marker-trait associations (MTAs) distributed across all wheat chromosomes. A total of 40 MTAs were positioned within genomic regions of previously discovered end-use quality genes/QTL. Among the identified MTAs, 12 markers had large effects and thus could be considered in the larger scheme of selecting and fixing favorable alleles in breeding for end-use quality in soft white wheat germplasm. We also identified 15 loci (two of them with large effects) that can be used for simultaneous breeding of more than a single end-use quality trait. The results highlight the complex nature of the genetic architecture of end‑use quality, and the challenges of simultaneously selecting favorable genotypes for a large number of traits. This study also illustrates that some end-use quality traits were mainly controlled by a larger number of small-effect loci and may be more amenable to alternate selection strategies such as genomic selection.Conclusions:In conclusion, a breeder may be faced with the dilemma of balancing genotypic selection in early generation(s) versus costly phenotyping later on.

Evaluation of winter wheat breeding lines for traits related to nitrogen use under organic management

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dawson ◽  
K. M. Murphy ◽  
D. R. Huggins ◽  
S. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Organic Management ◽  
Breeding Lines

scholarly journals Multi-Trait Multi-Environment Genomic Prediction of Agronomic Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsimardeep S. Gill ◽  
Jyotirmoy Halder ◽  
Jinfeng Zhang ◽  
Navreet K. Brar ◽  
Teerath S. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Breeding Lines

Genomic prediction is a promising approach for accelerating the genetic gain of complex traits in wheat breeding. However, increasing the prediction accuracy (PA) of genomic prediction (GP) models remains a challenge in the successful implementation of this approach. Multivariate models have shown promise when evaluated using diverse panels of unrelated accessions; however, limited information is available on their performance in advanced breeding trials. Here, we used multivariate GP models to predict multiple agronomic traits using 314 advanced and elite breeding lines of winter wheat evaluated in 10 site-year environments. We evaluated a multi-trait (MT) model with two cross-validation schemes representing different breeding scenarios (CV1, prediction of completely unphenotyped lines; and CV2, prediction of partially phenotyped lines for correlated traits). Moreover, extensive data from multi-environment trials (METs) were used to cross-validate a Bayesian multi-trait multi-environment (MTME) model that integrates the analysis of multiple-traits, such as G × E interaction. The MT-CV2 model outperformed all the other models for predicting grain yield with significant improvement in PA over the single-trait (ST-CV1) model. The MTME model performed better for all traits, with average improvement over the ST-CV1 reaching up to 19, 71, 17, 48, and 51% for grain yield, grain protein content, test weight, plant height, and days to heading, respectively. Overall, the empirical analyses elucidate the potential of both the MT-CV2 and MTME models when advanced breeding lines are used as a training population to predict related preliminary breeding lines. Further, we evaluated the practical application of the MTME model in the breeding program to reduce phenotyping cost using a sparse testing design. This showed that complementing METs with GP can substantially enhance resource efficiency. Our results demonstrate that multivariate GS models have a great potential in implementing GS in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification of winter common wheat samples of Kharkiv breeding by protein markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Z. Usova ◽  
O.Y. Leonov ◽  
N.O. Kozub ◽  
I.O. Sozinov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Rye Translocations ◽  
Promising Line

Aim. Identification of new winter wheat breeding material developed in Kharkiv by electrophoretic patterns of storage proteins to select the most promising lines. Methods. Protein fractionation was performed by APAG- and SDS-electrophoresis. Results. The genotypes of winter wheat samples of the competitive variety trial at seven storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Gli-A3, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 were studied. We identified eight alleles at the Gli-A1 locus, seven at Gli-B1, five at Gli-D1, four at Gli-A3, five at Glu-B1, three at Glu-A1, and two at Glu-D1. Most of the identified alleles are typical for Ukrainian winter wheat varieties. Along with them, theree were lines with introgressed alleles marking for the wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS. The biotype of the line Erythrospermum 484-19 carries an introgressed allele from Ae. tauschii at the Gli-D1 locus. Conclusions. According to field and laboratory trials of samples, there were neither significant advantages nor disadvantages of lines with wheat-rye translocations compared to lines without translocations (typical for the East Forest-Steppe zone). The promising line of the use of the 1AL/RS or 1BL/RS translocations (carrying disease resistance genes) is their coupling with the allele Glu-B1al associated with high grain quality. Keywords: winter wheat, storage proteins, alleles, translocations.

Nutritional and quality characteristics expressed in 31 perennial wheat breeding lines

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Murphy ◽  
Lori A. Hoagland ◽  
Philip G. Reeves ◽  
Byung-Kee Baik ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Perennial Wheat

AbstractSoil erosion due to annual cropping on highly erodible farmland is a major ecological concern in the wheat growing regions of Washington State. In response to requests from farmers, the winter wheat breeding program at Washington State University has been developing perennial wheat selected from crosses between wild wheatgrass species and commonly grown annual wheat cultivars. In 2005/06, we conducted field trials of the most promising perennial wheat breeding lines derived from interspecific crosses between tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum elongatum) and bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Thirty-one perennial breeding lines and two annual winter wheat cultivars were evaluated for nutritional value in the form of grain mineral concentration, multiple baking and milling quality traits, and ease of grain threshability. The objective of this study was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these post-harvest traits in the perennial wheat lines derived from these interspecific crosses. Mineral nutrient concentrations in the perennial lines were 44, 40, 24, 23, 32, 30 and 33% higher than the annual control cultivars for calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and zinc, respectively. The annual cultivars had a higher grain mineral content per unit area of land than the perennial lines, due primarily to the higher grain yields of the annual cultivars. Compared to the annual wheat cultivars, the perennial lines produced grain with smaller seed size, lower test weight and reduced flour yield, mix time and loaf volume. Protein content was 3.5–4.5% higher in the perennial lines than in the annual cultivars. The threshability index (TI) ranged from 0.63 to 0.89 in the perennials (μ=0.75); significantly lower than the mean TI of the annual cultivars (μ=0.97). The significant genotype×location interaction found for TI suggests that the variation in annual precipitation positively influenced some perennial lines to express greater threshability. In addition to transferring traits important to the perennial growth habit in wheat, the wild wheatgrass species also introduced beneficial characteristics (i.e. increased protein and mineral concentration) and deleterious traits (poor threshing grain and inferior baking qualities). This research gives researchers a platform from which to direct further research and selection in the development of perennial wheat.

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