Production and meiotic pairing of intergeneric hybrids of Triticum × Dasypyrum species

Euphytica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. von Bothmer ◽  
L. Claesson
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing

Intergeneric hybrids between Thinopyrum and Psathyrostachys (Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum ◽  
First Time

Intergeneric hybrids were synthesized for the first time from the diploid crosses Thinopyrum elongatum (JeJe) × Psathyrostachys juncea (NjNj), T. elongatum × P. fragilis (NfNf), T. bessarabicum (JbJb) × P. huashanica (NhNh), and T. bessarabicum × P. juncea, as well as from a cross between the amphidiploid of T. bessarabicum × T. elongatum (JbJbJeJe) and P. juncea. Spikes of these hybrids are morphologically intermediate between those of the parental species. Double spikelets occurred occasionally at central nodes of the spikes. Glaucous blue leaves appeared in the F1 only in the cross T. bessarabicum × P. huashanica, suggesting that the gene(s) for glaucous blue leaves in T. bessarabicum is (are) recessive to a gene(s) for green leaves in P. juncea but is (are) dominant to that for yellowish green leaves in P. huashanica. Meiotic pairing at metaphase I in these diploid (JN) and triploid (JJN) hybrids revealed a very low level of homology between the basic J and N genome. Therefore, the J and N genomes are nonhomologous and justifiably represented by different genome symbols. The triploid hybrids exhibited a pattern of chromosome associations that substantiated the earlier conclusion that the genomes in T. bessarabicum and T. elongatum are two versions of a basic genome (J). These hybrids will be useful in genome analysis, forming new Leymus species with the J and N genomes and broadening the diversity in the genus Pascopyrum with the SHJN genomes.Key words: hybrid, Thinopyrum, Psathyrostachys, genome.

Variation in induction of homoeologous pairing among chromosomes of 6x Hordeum parodii as a result of three triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Telomeric Heterochromatin ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Heterochromatin Content

Intergeneric hybrids were obtained between Hordeum parodii Covas s.1. (6x) and three cultivars of triticale (×Triticosecale) at frequencies of 0.47 to 1.21% of pollinated florets. The triticale cultivars varied in their chromosome constitutions of the rye genome as well as the telomeric heterochromatin content of some of the rye chromosomes. The average chiasmata frequency per cell varied from 0.58 to 13.14 in different hybrid combinations. The differences in the chiasmata frequencies in the different hybrid combinations were attributed to a meiotic pairing control mechanism in H. parodii whose function was affected primarily by the rye chromosome constitutions of the triticale cultivars and to a lesser extent by the heterochromatin content of the rye chromosomes.Key words: hybrids (intergeneric), Hordeum, meiotic pairing control, chiasma.

Enhanced meiotic chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum and diploid Inner Mongolian Agropyron

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Joseph Jahier ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids

Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42, ABD genomes) was crossed with diploid Inner Mongolian Agropyron Gaertn. species A. cristatum and A. mongolicum and reciprocal hybrids between them (2n = 2x = 14, P genome, with or without B chromosomes). Intergeneric hybrids with 2n = 27, 28, 32, and 33 chromosomes were produced by the aid of embryo rescue. The extra chromosomes in two hybrids were assumed to be B chromosomes transmitted by the male Agropyron parent. Average meiotic pairing in the euploid hybrid with 28 chromosomes was 14.38 univalents + 4.92 bivalents + 1.26 trivalents. This level of pairing higher than expected was likely due to homeologous associations between wheat chromosomes. This data indicates that the P genome of diploid as well as tetraploid Agropyron originating from Inner Mongolia possess a genetic system interfering with 5B homoeologous restricting system of wheat.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Triticum aestivum, diploid Agropyron species, chromosome pairing.

Meiotic pairing in new hybrids of Hordeum procerum (6x) with H. parodii (6x) and Elymus virginicus (4x)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Metaphase I

Hybrids of Hordeum procerum were readily produced with H. parodii (7.9%) and Elymus virginicus (14.3%). The average meiotic pairing per cell in the interspecific hybrid between H. procerum and H. parodii was 14.56 I + 12.19 II + 1.04 III, which indicated that the species have two genomes in common. In the hybrid between H. procerum and E. virginicus the average metaphase I configuration was 20.35 I + 6.86 II + 0.31 III indicating one common genome. Keywords: interspecific, intergeneric hybrids, chromosome pairing, Hordeum, Elymus.

Nonhomologous Chromosome Pairing in Aegilops-Secale Hybrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarui Su ◽  
Dale Zhang ◽  
Yuge Li ◽  
Suoping Li
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Homology ◽  
R And D ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Nonhomologous Chromosome

Intergeneric hybrids and amphidiploid hybrids from crosses of Aegilopstauschii and Secale cereale were produced using young embryo rescue. The hybrids showed complete sets of both parental chromosomes. The dihaploid plants showed an average meiotic pairing configuration of 10.84 I + 1.57 II + 0.01 III. Genomic in situ staining revealed 3 types of bivalent associations, i.e. D-D, R-R and D-R at frequencies of 8.6, 8.2 and 83.3%, respectively. Trivalents consisted of D-R-D or R-D-R associations. These results suggested that both intra- and intergenomic chromosome homology were contributed to chromosome pairing. Derived amphidiploids with 2n = 28 paired at metaphase I of meiosis as 4.51 I + 11.70 II + 0.03 III. Chromosome pairing of amphidiploids appeared more or less regular, i.e. bivalent-like with some trivalent configurations.

Production and cytogenetic analysis of hybrids between Triticum aestivum and some caespitose Agropyron species

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi ◽  
Silverio Roldan ◽  
D. Y. Suh ◽  
Lesley A. Sitch ◽  
Shafqat Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Major Variation

Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum L. cultivars and 12 traditional Agropyron species were produced in variable frequencies, lowest being 0.35% for A. stipaefolium to a high of 41.98% for A. varnense. The crossing success of T. aestivum cultivars ranged from 'Chinese Spring' > 'Pavon-76' = 'Nacozari-75' > 'Fielder' = 'Fremont' > 'Glennson-81'. All F1 hybrids were somatically stable. The new combinations were with A. curvifolium (Thinopyrum curvifolium), A. rechingeri (T. sartorii = rechingeri), A. scythicum (T. scythicum), and A. stipaefolium (Pseudoroegeneria stipaefolia). All hybrids were perennial and possessed a modified phenotype that was intermediate between the parents involved in the hybrid combinations with major variation in spike morphology (elongated spikes with lax internodes). High-pairing hybrids, presumably owing to suppression of the Ph locus were of T. aestivum - A. scythicum (15.31 I + 2.25 II rings + 6.92 II rods + 0.32 III) and T. aestivum - A. stipaefolium (10.6 I + 7.08 II rings + 4.41 II rods + 0.54 III). In the other combinations, the pairing was either low or high, and if high, pairing was attributed to autosyndetic association of the alien genome chromosomes. Based on the meiotic pairing data, alien species that were segmental allotetraploids or partial autopolyploids, or segmental allohexaploids or autoallohexaploids, may be advantageous in developing backcross derivatives with synthetic genomes. Production of fertile amphiploids was restricted to T. aestivum - A. rechingeri. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron species, Pseudoroegeneria species, Thinopyrum species, intergeneric hybrids, crossability, wide crosses.

New intergeneric diploid hybrids among Agropyron, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Psathyrostachys, Hordeum, and Secale

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Species ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Genomic Relationships ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thinopyrum Bessarabicum

Eight diploid intergeneric hybrids representing six genomic combinations were synthesized and meiotically analyzed. The SN hybrids of Pseudoroegneria spicata and P. spicata spp. inermis with Psathyrostachys juncea resembled the Pseudoroegneria species in that the spikes had a single spikelet per node. The spikes of all other hybrids were intermediate to those of their respective parents. The mean meiotic pairing pattern for two SN hybrids was 9.90 I + 1.74 rod II + 0.16 ring II + 0.07 III + 0.02 IV, which was equivalent to a mean arm-pairing frequency (c) of 0.16. When the results were averaged with a previously reported hybrid, the mean pairing in two hybrid plants of P. spicata × Thinopyrum bessarabicum (SJ genome combination) was 4.79 I + 3.24 rod II + 0.91 ring II + 0.18 III + 0.09 IV and c = 0.41. Of the JeS hybrids, mean pairing was 8.40 I + 2.30 rod II + 0.25 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata and 6.98 I + 2.90 rod II + 0.39 ring II + 0.12 III + 0.02 IV (c = 0.28) for T. elongatum × P. spicata ssp. inermis. The JP hybrid of T. bessarabicum × Agropyron cristatum had 8.99 I + 2.11 rod II + 0.14 ring II + 0.13 III + 0.03 IV and c = 0.20. Pairing was lower in the new PH hybrids A. mongolicum × Hordeum californicum and HR hybrids H. californicum × Secale montanum: 12.20 I + 0.82 rod II + 0.05 III (c = 0.06) and 13.04 I + 0.44 rod II + 0.01 III (c = 0.03), respectively. These data contribute to the elucidation of the genomic relationships among diploid species of the perennial Triticeae.Key words: hybrid, genome, chromosome pairing, Triticeae.

Cytogenetic studies of progeny from the intergeneric crosses Elymus × Hordeun and Elymus × Secale

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Rong Lu ◽  
Björn Salomon ◽  
Roland von Bothmer
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Crosses ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Elymus Species ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare Ssp

Meiotic pairing was studied in three Elymus species, E. pseudonutans (2n = 28), E. shandongensis (2n = 28), and E. semicostatus (2n = 28), as well as their dihaploids (2n = 14) which were produced from the intergeneric crosses E. pseudonutants × Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, E. shandongensis × Triticum aestivum, and E. semicostatus × H. bulbosum. An average of 12.82 I + 0.55 II + 0.03 III; 12.59 I + 0.65 II + 0.01 III, and 12.70 I + 0.76 II + 0.02 III per cell characterized meioses in the dihaploids, respectively. Intergeneric hybrids (2n = 21) of the three species were also obtained with diploid Secale cereal and S. montanum. Meiotic configurations of the hybrids were 14.64 I + 2.82 II + 0.20 III + 0.01 IV and 16.38 I + 2.02 II + 0.16 III for two combinations of E. pseudonutans × S. cereale; 15.59 I + 2.62 II + 0.08 III and 19.63 I + 0.65 II for E. shandongensis × S. cereale and E. semicostatus × S. montanum, respectively. A large number of chromosomes were involved in secondary associations in the different combinations. The study revealed (i) low affinity between S and Y genomes in the investigated Elymus species, (ii) a certain degree of homoeology between genomes of Elymus (S or Y) and rye (R), and (iii) that the rye genome affects homoeologous chromosome pairing between different genomes in the Elymus species.Key words: Elymus, Hordeum, Secale, dihaploid, chromosome elimination, intergeneric hybrid, meiotic pairing.

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