Chronic effects of short-term contamination with the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate on the caddisfly Limnephilus lunatus

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 324 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Liess ◽  
Ralf Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Insecticide ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Limnephilus Lunatus

Analysis of short-term and sub-chronic effects of ambient air pollution on preterm birth in central China

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 19028-19039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Yisi Liu ◽  
Feifei Liu ◽  
Yuxin Wang ◽  
Xuhao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Effects

Review of Environmental Accidents and Incidents

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palle Lindgaard-Jørgensen ◽  
Klavs Bender
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Environmental Accidents ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Spill Site

This paper reviewed the environmental consequences reported in more than three thousand accidents. Fifty-nine of the accidents reported environmental consequences, seven reported no environmental consequences, and for the remaining accidents, no information was available. Generally, the properties of a chemical, the dilution of the amount released, and the environmental conditions at the spill site are the parameters that determine the short-term environmental consequences. To evaluate the long-term effects, which have almost never been studied in the accidents reviewed, persistence, the tendency to accumulate in sediment and biota, and the long-term sub-lethal and chronic effects are the main parameters to be considered. While ecological consequences of accidents have been investigated more frequently in recent years, there has been no consistency in reporting methodology. An accident investigation methodology and a reporting format should therefore be developed and implemented on a broad international scale.

Acute and short-term chronic effects of continuous and intermittent chlorination on mysidopsis bahia and menidia beryllina

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Fisher ◽  
Dennis T. Burton ◽  
Lance T. Yonkos ◽  
Steven D. Turley ◽  
Bonnie S. Turley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Menidia Beryllina ◽  
Mysidopsis Bahia

Reactions ofEuglena gracilisto Fluometuron, MSMA, Metribuzin, and Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Richardson ◽  
R. E. Frans ◽  
R. E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Investigations were conducted onEuglena gracilisKlebs strain Z to determine the effects of fluometuron [1,2-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] on cell number, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis. Euglena cell number was reduced by 65% or more after 48 h with fluometuron levels above 4 X 10-5M. MSMA at 6 X 10-4M reduced cell number 42% after 144 h exposure. Chlorophyll content was reduced 33 to 80% by metribuzin levels of 2 X 10-6M or greater, and fluometuron inhibited chlorophyll content by 30% or more from 4 X 10-6M or greater concentrations. Chlorophyll was reduced 21 to 69% by treatment with glyphosate at 3 X 10-3M, but MSMA appeared to have little effect on chlorophyll except at the high level of 6 X 10-4M at 48 h. Photosynthesis was reduced 50% or more with metribuzin levels above 9 X 10-7M and with fluometuron above 9 X 10-5M. MSMA reduced photosynthesis by 20% at the 6 X 10-3M level, and glyphosate slightly reduced photosynthesis at levels below 1.2 X 10-4M but slightly stimulated it above that level. Chronic effects (Euglena exposed to herbicides 96 h prior to measurement) on photosynthesis indicated a more pronounced reduction from fluometuron than from short-term exposure, little change with glyphosate, but less reduction with metribuzin than from short-term exposure. Metribuzin caused increased respiration rates of 100 to 200% after 100 min of exposure. Respiration was stimulated 20% by glyphosate and relatively unaffected by the other compounds. Removal of Euglena from metribuzin- and fluometuron-treated media to non-treated media resulted in increased levels of chlorophyll to near that of the control. These results suggest that use of these herbicides is not detrimental to non-target algae if the exposure is not intensive.

Acute and chronic regulation of leptin synthesis, storage, and secretion by insulin and dexamethasone in human adipose tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. E858-E864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Jeong Lee ◽  
Yanxin Wang ◽  
Matthew R. Ricci ◽  
Sean Sullivan ◽  
Colleen D. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Correlated

Serum leptin levels are upregulated in proportion to body fat and also increase over the short term in response to meals or insulin. To understand the mechanisms involved, we assessed leptin synthesis and secretion in samples of adipose tissue from subjects with a wide range of BMI. Tissue leptin content and relative rates of leptin biosynthesis, as determined by metabolic labeling, were highly correlated with each other and with BMI and fat cell size. To understand mechanisms regulating leptin synthesis in obesity, we used biosynthetic labeling to directly assess the effects of insulin and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) on leptin synthesis and secretion in human adipose tissue. Chronic treatment (1–2 days in organ culture) with insulin increased relative rates of leptin biosynthesis without affecting leptin mRNA levels. In contrast, dexamethasone increased leptin mRNA and biosynthesis in parallel. Acute treatment with insulin or dexamethasone (added during 1-h preincubation and 45-min pulse labeling) did not affect relative rates of leptin biosynthesis, but pulse-chase studies showed that addition of insulin nearly doubled the release of [35S]leptin after a 1-h chase. We conclude that the higher leptin stores in adipose tissue of obese humans are maintained by chronic effects of insulin and glucocorticoids acting at pre- and posttranslational levels and that the ability of insulin to increase the release of preformed leptin may contribute to short-term variations in circulating leptin levels.

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