The retention of particles intercepted by a dense aggregation of lake-outlet suspension feeders

Roger S. Wotton; Bj�rn Malmqvist; Kevin Ashelford

doi:10.1007/bf00016829

Spiralling of particles by suspension feeders in a small lake-outlet stream

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z96-086 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 758-761 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Roger S. Wotton ◽

Constantine P. Joicey ◽

Björn Malmqvist

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Water Column ◽

Suspension Feeding ◽

Black Fly ◽

Small Lake ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Lake Outlet ◽

Outlet Stream

Suspension feeders in streams trap particles from the water column and their egesta can be captured by other individuals downstream. The resultant retention and cycling of organic matter has been termed spiralling. We investigated its significance in a lake-outlet stream that had dense aggregations of suspension-feeding black fly and midge larvae in a thin film of water. We examined the abundance of dye particles, added as a pulse, in larval guts at six sites along the outlet stream (0.15–6.94 m from the top of the dam). Samples were taken 15 min, 60 min, and 24 h after the dye had been added. From samples taken after 15 min we estimated the average spiralling length to be 5.6 m. After 24 h very few particles remained, but there were significantly more in both black fly and midge larvae at sites downstream than in those upstream.

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Fecal pellets from a dense aggregation of suspension-feeders in a stream: An example of ecosystem engineering

Limnology and Oceanography ◽

10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0719 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 719-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Roger S. Wotton ◽

Björn Malmqvist ◽

Timo Muotka ◽

Kristina Larsson

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Engineering ◽

Fecal Pellets ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Dense Aggregation

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Macrophyte-derived detritus in shallow coastal waters contributes to suspended particulate organic matter and increases growth rates of Mytilus edulis

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps13314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 644 ◽

pp. 91-103

Author(s):

D Bearham ◽

MA Vanderklift ◽

RA Downie ◽

DP Thomson ◽

LA Clementson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Mytilus Edulis ◽

Particulate Organic Matter ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Gill Tissue ◽

Suspension Feeder ◽

Food Sources ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Blue Mussels ◽

Suspended Particulate

Benthic suspension feeders, such as bivalves, potentially have several different food sources, including plankton and resuspended detritus of benthic origin. We hypothesised that suspension feeders are likely to feed on detritus if it is present. This inference would be further strengthened if there was a correlation between δ13C of suspension feeder tissue and δ13C of particulate organic matter (POM). Since detritus is characterised by high particulate organic matter (POC):chl a ratios, we would also predict a positive correlation between POM δ13C and POC:chl a. We hypothesised that increasing depth and greater distance from shore would produce a greater nutritional reliance by experimentally transplanted blue mussels Mytilus edulis on plankton rather than macrophyte-derived detritus. After deployments of 3 mo duration in 2 different years at depths from 3 to 40 m, M. edulis sizes were positively correlated with POM concentrations. POC:chl a ratios and δ13C of POM and M. edulis gill tissue decreased with increasing depth (and greater distance from shore). δ13C of POM was correlated with δ13C of M. edulis. Our results suggest that detritus comprised a large proportion of POM at shallow depths (<15 m), that M. edulis ingested and assimilated carbon in proportion to its availability in POM, and that growth of M. edulis was higher where detritus was present and POM concentrations were higher.

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Capture of conspecific planktonic larvae by the suspension-feeding gastropod Crepipatella peruviana: association between adult and larval size

Journal of Molluscan Studies ◽

10.1093/mollus/eyab002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

Author(s):

G A Rivera-Figueroa ◽

J A Büchner-Miranda ◽

L P Salas-Yanquin ◽

J A Montory ◽

V M Cubillos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Feeding Preference ◽

The Other ◽

Suspension Feeding ◽

Adult Size ◽

Free Living ◽

Larval Size ◽

Suspension Feeders ◽

Planktonic Larvae

ABSTRACT Free-living, planktonic larvae can be vulnerable to capture and ingestion by adult suspension-feeders. This is particularly the case for larvae that settle gregariously in benthic environments where suspension-feeders occur at high densities. Larvae of gregarious suspension-feeding species are at particularly high risk, as adults of their own species often serve as cues for metamorphosis. We conducted laboratory experiments to assess the extent to which adults of the suspension-feeding caenogastropod Crepipatella peruviana would capture and ingest their own larvae. Experiments were conducted with adults of different sizes, with larvae of different ages and sizes, and in the presence or absence of phytoplankton. Adults captured larvae in all experiments. The presence of microalgae in the water did not influence the extent of larval capture. On average, 39% of larvae were captured during the 3-h feeding periods, regardless of adult size. However, up to 34% of the larvae that were captured on the gill were later discarded as pseudofaeces; the other 64% were ingested. The extent of capture by adults was not related to adult size, or to larval size and, thus, to larval age. Our results suggest that the filtration of congeneric larvae by adult C. peruviana is a result of accidental capture rather than a deliberate feeding preference. Such ingestion could, however, still be an important source of larval mortality, especially when the advanced larvae of this species are searching for a suitable substrate for metamorphosis.

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The Coexistence of Stoneflies in a Mountain Lake Outlet Biotope

Aquatic Insects ◽

10.1080/01650428509361217 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 173-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Albert Lillehammer

Keyword(s):

Mountain Lake ◽

Lake Outlet

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Dose-response relationships of harlequin duck behaviour to noise from low-level military jet over-flights in central Labrador

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892904001651 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 289-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. IAN GOUDIE ◽

IAN L. JONES

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Military Training ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Whole Body ◽

Time Activity ◽

Low Level ◽

Lake Outlet ◽

Harlequin Ducks ◽

Training Area

Concern for the lack of field studies on the effects of low-level military jet over-flights on wildlife resulted in directed research in the Military Training Area of Labrador, 1999–2002. At Fig River, a tributary of the Lower Churchill River, a before-after-control-impact (BACI) study design quantified effects of aircraft over-flights on behaviour of individual harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in the 130 000 km2 Military Training Area of central Labrador. Noise generated from low-level passes (30–100 m above ground level) by military jets was sudden in onset and high in amplitude (>100 dBA), substantially above background sound levels both at Fig Lake outlet (40–50 dBA) and rapid sections of Fig River (60–70 dBA). Harlequin ducks reacted to noise from military jets with alert behaviour, showing a positive dose-response that especially intensified when noise exceeded 80 dBA. Residual effects, in other words, deviations from normal behaviour patterns after initial responses, were decreased courtship behaviour for up to 1.5 h after, and increased agonistic behaviour for up to 2 h after military jet over-flights. Direct behavioural responses to military jet over-flights were of short duration (generally <1 min), and were unlikely to affect critical behaviours such as feeding and resting in the overall time-activity budgets of breeding pairs. However, the presence of residual effects on behaviour implied whole-body stress responses that were potentially more serious; these require further study because they are potentially more detrimental than immediate responses, and may not be detected in studies that focus on readily observed overt responses. A dose-response curve relating particular behaviours of harlequin ducks to associated noise of over-flights could be a valuable conservation tool for the research and mitigation of environmental impacts of aircraft and other noise.

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