The tetrazolium reduction method for assessing the viability of individual bacterial cells in aquatic environments: improvements, performance and applications

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Dufour ◽  
Michel Colon
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Antibacterial Activity of the Silver Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter sp

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathirvel Maruthai ◽  
Kommoju Vallayyachari ◽  
Thirumurugan Ravibalan ◽  
Sheryl Ann Philip ◽  
Antony V. Samrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Protein Leakage ◽  
Glucose Reduction ◽  
Membrane Destabilization

In this study, spherical silver nanoparticle (AgNP) was produced by sustainable chemical method i.e. glucose reduction method and it was utilized to analyse the bactericidal effect against the pathogens of clinical importance - E. coli (ATCC 10536) and Enterobacter sp., KL46 by membrane destabilization and protein leakage analyses. Minimum inhibitory/bactericidal and antibiogram analyses reported that 20ng/ml was enough to inhibit/kill bacterial cells. Even 20ng/ml concentration of AgNPs was found to destabilize membrane and lead to protein leakage from bacterial cells. 

In vitro methodological standardization of MTT colorimetric assay for evaluation of formazan activity and drug dosage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Nepomuceno ◽  
Luciana Silva de Carvalho ◽  
Nayane Peixoto Soares ◽  
Vanessa de Sousa Cruz ◽  
Emmanuel Arnhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Canine Osteosarcoma ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Abstract Background Aiming to develop essential chemotherapeutic drugs to control various types of cancer, one of the primary tests is the tetrazolium reduction method. The present study aims to standardize the electromagnetic spectrum that best discriminates the absorbance and to evaluate the drug dosage of single and daily doses during the cell viability and toxicity analysis by the tetrazolium reduction method, using the ethanol extract of pequi peel in canine osteosarcoma cells. Results The wavelength of 532 nm showed the best results. We found that as the treatment time increased, the formazan conversion reduced. After 72 hours of treatment, we observed clear discrimination of dose-dependent data, with up to five discriminants within 72 hours with a change in absorbance from 0.554 to 0.064 A. The wavelength of 570 nm it was not ideal since we could not discern the difference in the spectral reflectance of the treatments and, therefore, show no statistical difference among treatments. We found no statistical difference for the coefficient of variation at wavelengths of 532 and 570nm, which were 12.77% and 8.80% respectively. Conclusions The wavelength of 532nm best discriminated the absorbance, as it presented better ability to congregate the treatment groups, greater variation between the discriminant and lower coefficient of variation, during the colorimetric test to evaluate the cellular metabolism. Moreover, the ethanol extract of pequi peel in canine osteosarcoma cells showed a statistically equal effect of a single dose administration to the dose reapplied every 24 hours.

Simple, Rapid, and Portable Chromatographic Tetrazolium Reduction Method for Detection of Potassium Cyanide in Medicinal Drugs and Confectionery

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-431
Author(s):  
Kamasala Bhagyalakshmi ◽  
Nanguneri V Nanda Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Abstract A simple, rapid, and portable paper chromatographic method for detection of potassium cyanide in medicinal drugs and a few confectionery samples is described. Potassium cyanide is extracted in methanol and concentrated. Acetone-water-1.5% EDTA (4 + 5.5 + 0.5) mixture is used as the solvent system for paper chromatography. The KCN chromatograms appear as pink spots on paper due to reduction of the chromogenic salt 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5- phenyl tetrazolium chloride; phenazonium methosulfate is a catalyst. Microgram amounts of KCN can be separated and detected in the laboratory or the marketplace because of the simplicity of the method.

scholarly journals Studies on the mechanism of mutagenicity and genotoxicity induced by dihydralazine.

1995 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Chłopkiewicz ◽  
A Ejchart ◽  
J Marczewska
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Active Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Scavengers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Dihydralazine was found to be mutagenic towards S. typhimurium TA1537, TA97, TA1538 and TA98 and genotoxic towards E. coli PQ37. Using the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction method we have found that dihydralazine can generate active oxygen species. The possible role of active oxygen species in mutagenicity (Ames test) and genotoxicity (SOS Chromotest) of dihydralazine was studied by testing the influence of the different active oxygen species scavengers on these two processes. Of the active oxygen scavengers tested, only superoxide dismutase suppressed partially the mutagenic and genotoxic activity of dihydralazine. This result seems to indicate that superoxide anion play a role in these two biological events.

scholarly journals A quantitative test for heat-induced cell necrosis in vascular cambium and secondary phloem of Eucalyptus obliqua stems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasika Medhavi Subasinghe Achchige ◽  
Liubov Volkova ◽  
Andrew Drinnan ◽  
Christopher J Weston
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Vascular Cambium ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

Abstract Aims Exposure of Eucalyptus tree stems to the radiant heat of forest fires can kill cambial cells and their embedded regenerative meristems, thus preventing epicormic resprouting and recovery of the tree. Currently there is no tissue-level method to quantify the viability of cambial cells in Eucalyptus following heat exposure. The first aim of this study was to adapt and validate the tetrazolium reduction method of testing for cell viability in Eucalyptus. The second aim was to apply the method to establish a threshold level of cambium cell viability in Eucalyptus obliqua to enable the identification of a critical temperature. Methods The study used the tetrazolium reduction method to quantitatively determine phloem-cambium cell viability in Eucalyptus. Circular sections of bark with underlying phloem and cambium were cut from mature Eucalyptus obliqua and samples ranging in mass from 1 mg to 30 mg were exposed for 1 minute to temperature treatments ranging from 20°C to 85°C and kept for 20-22 hours at room temperature in 0.8% 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) to test for cell viability. The 1,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium formazan (TPF) formed was cold extracted with ethanol and quantified as absorbance at 485 nm. Important findings The TTC reduction method reliably quantified a decline in cell viability with rising temperature in tissue sections that included vascular cambium, and identified 60°C as the critical temperature for cambium-phloem cells of Eucalyptus species. Cell viability, calculated as [TPF Treatment°C] / [TPF 20°C], declined by 90% between 20°C and 85°C. The cell viability results confirmed that significant tissue necrosis occurred in Eucalyptus at temperatures between 50°C and 70°C, after one minute of in- vitro tissue heating. The decline in cell viability with increasing temperature shown by the TTC method was consistent with an independently derived count of live cells following temperature treatment and neutral red staining.

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