Decomposition in presence of nitrate of amino acids, especially tyrosine, during acid hydrolysis of plant material and standard amino acid solution

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Eppendorfer ◽  
S. W. Bille
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Standard Amino Acid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Effective Use of Amino Acid Dialysate over four Weeks in CAPD Patients

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Oren ◽  
George Wu ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson ◽  
Errol Marliss ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Total Body

We studied the effectiveness, tolerance to, and beneficial metabolic effects of amino acid dialysate over an intermediate period in six CAPD patients. Two liters of 1% amino acid solution (Amino-Dianeal) were alternated with dialysate containing glucose. After four weeks there were significant increases in BUN (from 64 to 102 mg%), total body nitrogen (from 1333 to 1380 g), serum transferrin (from 175 to 222 mg%) and anion gap (from 15.1 to 17.3). Initially, there was a significant rise in HDL cholesterol, however, this was not sustained. No significant change was detected in total-body potassium, fasting serum albumin, triglyceride, insulin, glucagon, electrolytes, anthropometric measurements and daily ingestion of calories and proteins. During the study individual fasting, plasma amino acid levels showed significant increments in respect to histidine, tryptophan and glycine but alanine decreased. Several essential amino acids continued to show values below normal. Two hours after consumption of breakfast and concurrent infusion of the amino acid solution, the plasma levels of the amino acids in the dialysate peaked at emia, which develops in almost onehalf of the CAPD patients (7), and the significant weight gain observed in some of them. Furthermore, the daily losses of albumin and amino acids in the dialysate may induce protein malnutrition, especially if these losses are not replaced by an adequate daily protein intake. The presence of protein malnutrition in CAPD patients is indicated by the low serum albumin and total protein, and by the decrease in total body nitrogen over one year of CAPD (8).

Amino Acid Absorption following Intraperitoneal Administration in CAPD Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Williams ◽  
Errol B. Marliss ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson ◽  
Arie Oren ◽  
Arthur N. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Osmotic Agent ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Six non-diabetic CAPD patients were infused over six hours with two litres of a dialysis solution containing 2 g/ dl amino acids (a mixture of essentials and non-essentials). The osmolality of the solution and the amount of ultrafiltration it induced were simiiar to that of a 4.25 g% dextrose Dianeal solution (control), suggesting that an amino acid solution is an efficient osmotic agent. By the end of the six-hour infusion, 80 to 90% of the amino acids present in the dialysis solution had been absorbed. One hour after the infusion was instituted, plasma amino acid levels increased threefold and subsequently decreased to near the initial value by the sixth hour. The amino acid solution was as effective as the dextrose solution in removing urea nitrogen, creatinine and potassium. Our data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of amino acids is effective and well-tolerated in patients on CAPD. We believe further work should be done to determine whether long-term administration of amino acids by this route will improve the nutritional status of these patients and prevent the side effects of daily absorption of large amounts of glucose.

D-Mannitol Interferes with Amino Acid Analysis of Marine Organisms

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Fong ◽  
R. K. O'dor
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Protein S ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Acid hydrolysis of a protein in the presence of D-mannitol, a common constituent of marine algae, can cause significant reductions in the recovery of a number of amino acids. The new compounds formed by the interactions of D-mannitol and these amino acids may interfere in the chromatographic analysis of other amino acids. The recoveries of most of the amino acids appear to be either directly or inversely proportional to the amount of D-mannitol added to a protein sample before acid hydrolysis. These results suggest that it is necessary to determine the effects of contaminants in a sample of protein(s) on the recoveries of amino acids during routine acid hydrolysis. Key words: kelp, amino acids, carbohydrates, D-mannitol

Modification of An Amino Acid Solution for Peritoneal Dialysis to Reduce Risk of Acidemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jones ◽  
Roberto Kalil ◽  
Peter Blake ◽  
Leo Martis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Modified Formula

Objective Some patients develop a mild acidemia during treatment with amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis solutions due to hydrogen ion produced by metabolism of lysine, arginine, and methionine. In this study we modified the formulation of such a solution by reducing these amino acids and adding anionic amino acids so as to provide minimal net acid production. Design A modified formula (MF) was compared to a conventional formula (CF) of the solution in a randomized crossover study in 12 stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Patients were given each solution for 14 days without a wash-out period. Each patient replaced one or two dextrose dialysis exchanges with amino acid solution, depending upon oral protein intake and body weight. Total intake (oral protein plus amino acids absorbed) was equivalent to 1.1 -1.3 g protein/kg body weight/day.Plasma bicarbonate and urea were assessed at the beginning and end of each 14-day period. Results In the group as a whole, without regard to the order in which the solutions were given, patients had a decrease in serum bicarbonate with CF and an increase in bicarbonate when they received MF. Similar trends were observed regardless of the order in which the solutions were administered. Serum urea did not differ between the two solutions. Conclusion The results suggest that patients are less prone to develop acidemia when receiving MF as opposed to CF. Further studies will be necessary to determine the long-term effects and the relative nutritional benefits of the two solutions.

ACTION OF PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SOWDEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The amino acids set free by proteolytic enzymes were determined with an amino acid analyzer. Soil and enzyme blanks were subtracted. Pronase released 2 to 10% of the aspartic acid + asparagine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid + glutamine, glycine, lysine and histidine in some fractions of soil organic matter along with 15–35% of the alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine. There was no release of proline, ornithine or ammonia. When the pronase hydrolysate was treated with leucine amino-peptidase, 15% of the proline was released, the yield of glycine was raised from 2 to 14% and the amount of the acidic amino acids was also higher. Acid hydrolysis of the pronase hydrolysate also released more amino acid material but the blanks were much higher than with leucine aminopeptidase. The results suggested that more than half of the aspartic and glutamic acids found on acid hydrolysis were present in the soil organic matter fractions as asparagine and glutamine. The action of pronase on the organic matter of the intact soil was slight, even in the presence of a complexing agent. Papain released very little amino acid material from organic matter fractions, but leucine aminopeptidase or HCl hydrolysis of the papain hydrolysate released about 10% of the amino acid of the fraction, indicating that significant amounts of peptides were formed on papain treatment.

Short-term studies on the use of amino acids as an osmotic agent in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. J. Goodship ◽  
S. Lloyd ◽  
P. W. McKenzie ◽  
M. Earnshaw ◽  
I. Smeaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Branched Chain

1. A 1% amino acid dialysis solution with a high concentration of the branched-chain amino acids has been compared with 1.36% glucose in short-term studies. 2. The 1% amino acid solution was as effective an agent as 1.36% glucose with respect to ultrafiltration and clearance of creatinine, urea and potassium. 3. Levels of branched-chain amino acids rose to the upper end of the normal range within 1 h and remained at this level over the entire period of the study. Total and non-essential amino acids had returned to baseline by the end of the cycle. 4. Blood glucose rose to significantly greater levels during the 1.36% glucose exchange than during the 1% amino acid exchange. There was an increase in serum insulin levels during both cycles; this was significantly greater with the 1% amino acid solution than the 1.36% glucose. 5. There was no evidence of short-term metabolic complications with the 1% amino acid solution.

Differential Effects of Amino Acids on the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. El Sayed ◽  
J. Haylor ◽  
A. M. El Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inulin Clearance ◽  
Sodium Glutamate ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Perfusate Flow ◽  
Arginine Hydrochloride

1. The direct effects of individual amino acids, including glycine (a neutral amino acid), l-glutamic acid (an acidic amino acid), l-leucine (a neutral, branched-chain amino acid) and l-arginine (a basic amino acid), on renal function were compared with a mixed amino acid solution by using the isolated rat kidney perfused with a physiological saline solution containing 6.7% (w/v) albumin and a basal level of 2 mmol/l mixed amino acids. 2. In a control series, the renal perfusate flow was stable but the glomerular filtration rate, as measured by [14C]inulin clearance, declined with time. A stable glomerular filtration rate could be obtained by increasing the basal perfusate amino acid concentration to 14 mmol/l. 3. The addition of 6 mmol/l mixed amino acids produced a sustained increase in renal perfusate flow and an increase in [14C]inulin clearance, reversing its time-dependent fall. Sodium reabsorption was enhanced, but, unlike the control series, no increase in fractional albumin excretion was obtained. 4. Renal perfusate flow was increased by glycine (6 mmol/l), l-arginine hydrochloride (6 mmoll) and sodium glutamate (6 mmol/l) but remained unaffected by l-leucine. The vasodilatation induced by l-arginine hydrochloride and sodium glutamate was not sustained. 5. The time-dependent fall in [14C]inulin clearance was prevented by glycine, l-arginine and glutamic acid, but not by l-leucine. l-Arginine hydrochloride, like the mixed amino acid solution, produced a significant increase in [14C]inulin clearance. 6. The fractional reabsorption of sodium was increased by glycine and l-leucine, was unaffected by sodium glutamate and was decreased by l-arginine hydrochloride. The time-dependent fall in the fractional excretion of albumin seen in the control series was, however, reversed by all individual amino acids. 7. The results indicate that amino acids can produce renal vasodilatation and hyperfiltration by a direct effect on the kidney, independent of the release of systemic hormones. Individual amino acids, however, differ in their contribution to the response elicited by a mixed amino acid solution. The use of individual amino acids to mimic the renal response to dietary protein in vivo may therefore be inappropriate.

Plasma Amino Acids in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Michael L. Christensen ◽  
Julienne Burgess ◽  
Richard A. Helms ◽  
Joseph Mirro ◽  
David K. Kalwinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Objective To assess the effect of parenteral amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Design Ten patients were studied at diagnosis, on the morning PN was started, and three times during PN therapy coinciding with the sequential administration of three different amino acid solutions (Aminosyn, FreAmine HBC, and TrophAmine). The order of amino acid solution administration in each patient was by a randomized, block design. Results The patients were undergoing identical intensive induction therapy. There was no significant difference in the number of days they received PN or the amount of protein or calories received during the three PN study periods. At diagnosis, phenylalanine and glutamic acid concentrations were elevated compared with previously published normal values and remained elevated at all observation times. During PN, asparagine, aspartic acid, and tyrosine concentrations were significantly lower with all three amino acid solutions compared with their concentrations at diagnosis. Glycine and threonine concentrations were also significantly lower with FreAmine HBC and TrophAmine administration and cysteine concentrations were significantly lower with FreAmine HBC administration than at the time of diagnosis. Aminosyn was associated with plasma amino acid concentrations most similar to those measured at diagnosis. Conclusions These results indicate that most amino acid concentrations fall within the normal range at diagnosis in the ANLL patients studied. Plasma concentrations for certain amino acids can be influenced by the amino acid solution used in PN. Further understanding of the derangements in amino acid metabolism and the influence of parenterally administered amino acid solutions on plasma amino acid concentrations may lead to improvements in the nutritional support of cancer patients.

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