Architectural analysis and modelling of the branching process of the young oil-palm root system

1995 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jourdan ◽  
H. Rey ◽  
Y. Gu�don
1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 963-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Atger ◽  
Claude Edelin

Since 1970, the architectural analysis of woody plants has given much information about structural and functional organization of tree crowns, their development, and reiteration patterns. In this study, we have extended this method to tree root systems. We describe the whole architecture of three species and we compare their root system and crown architectural patterns. Key words: architecture, tree, root system, crown, whole plant.


2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Edi GUHARDJA ◽  
Nampiah SUKARNO ◽  
Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
...  

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture.        A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of  AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of  fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan  mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman.  Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis  CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan  dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan,  sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada  tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi.  Peningkatan serapan  N, P,  dan  K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.


2008 ◽  
Vol 317 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Charles-Dominique ◽  
Thomas Mangenet ◽  
Hervé Rey ◽  
Christophe Jourdan ◽  
Claude Edelin

Nature ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 168 (4278) ◽  
pp. 748-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Vol 341 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 505-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léifi Nodichao ◽  
Jean-Louis Chopart ◽  
Olivier Roupsard ◽  
Michel Vauclin ◽  
Séverin Aké ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Gonzálo Castillo ◽  
Luis Felipe Rodríguez C. ◽  
Andrés Felipe Páez

This study was performed in Las Brisas Oilseed property located in the Municipality of Puerto Wilches, province of Santander, Colombia. It was evaluated a harvesting procedure that modifies the traditional procedure adding an implement called "pepero" placed on the plate of the palm below the cluster for let the fruit to fall in it after the cutting process. With this procedure, it was not necessary to clean thoroughly the plates, as the fruits were few to collect. Using these method at least two herbicide applications over the plate can decrease annually and for the same reason leaf residues dropped from the pruning would reach their decomposition process, promoting the palm root system growth, thereby, increasing the absorption of nutrients from the fertilizer. During the evaluation, the proposed method reduced 63% of the harvest efficiency, however it was noted that adjusting harvest cycles to avoid clusters of mature young palms and working performance could be improved. We presented very promising application with the hybrid GOX which is replacing current materials as palm, this has small growth and has the tendency to attach the fruits, even than overriped.


2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Edi GUHARDJA ◽  
Nampiah SUKARNO ◽  
Latifah KOSIM DARUSMAN ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
...  

Summary Oil palm is mostly cultivated in acid soil. The growth constraint of plant in acid soil is the limited availability of phosphorus (P) nutrient. Improvement of root system morphology and architecture have an important aspect since P is immobilized nutrient. Colonization of oil palm by rrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase the P uptake of plant. However, there is no information related to the effect of AM fungal colonization on oil palm root morphology and architecture.        A research has been conducted to asses the effect of colonization of two species of AM fungi on root system morphology and architecture of oil palm seedling. The research was conducted using Cikopomayak acid soil as medium in simple glass chamber. The plant material was from Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, Medan while AM fungal inoculum was produced using pot culture. Six treatments assesed are combination of three levels of  AM fungi inoculation (without inoculation with, Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita) and two levels of  fertilization (without, and with fertilizer). The result showed that colonization of AM fungi could change the root system morphology, and root architecture. The root fresh weight, root dry weight, length, and volume were significantly higher with the AM fungi colonization especially A. tuberculata inoculation. However, specific root weight was not significantly different between inoculated and uninoculated. The enhancement was significantly observed 26 weeks after inoculation. Biside that, proportion of secondary root of oil palm inoculated with AM fungi was higher compared to primary root. Fertilization tend to reduced root growth. Fertilization reduced significantly root shoot ratio of inoculated as well as uninoculated seedlings. The rooting volume was higher in inoculated seedling compared to uninoculated. The highest enhancement of N, P, and K uptake was observed 26 weeks after inoculation. The better root morphology and architecture might be one mechanisms of AM fungi colonized oil palm seedlings in increasing P uptake. Ringkasan Umumnya tanaman kelapa sawit ditanam pada tanah masam. Hambatan pertumbuhan tanaman pada tanah masam adalah terbatasnya ketersediaan nutrisi P (fosforus). Oleh sebab itu perbaikan sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar memiliki aspek yang penting disebabkan P merupakan nutrisi yang tidak mudah bergerak. Kolonisasi tanaman kelapa sawit dengan cendawan  mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) akan meningkatkan penyerapan P oleh tanaman.  Namun, hubungan antara simbiosis  CMA dengan arsitektur perakaran kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kolonisasi dua spesies CMA pada sistem morfologi dan arsitektur akar bibit tanaman kelapa sawit. Percobaan  dilakukan menggunakan tanah masam Cikopomayak yang mengandung Al tinggi sebagai medium dalam kultur pot kaca yang sederhana. Kecambah kelapa sawit berasal dari Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS), Medan,  sedangkan inokulum CMA diproduksi menggunakan kultur pot. Enam perlakuan yang diuji merupakan kombinasi tiga jenis inokulasi CMA ( tanpa inokulasi, inokulasi dengan Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita) serta dua tingkat pemupukan (tanpa, dan dengan pemupukan). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi CMA merubah sistem morfologi dan arsitektur perakaran. Bobot basah, bobot kering, panjang dan volume akar nyata lebih tinggi pada tanaman yang dikolonisasi CMA khususnya A. tuberculata. Namun berat akar spesifik tidak beda nyata antara yang diinokulasi dan tanpa inokulasi. Peningkatan berat akar sangat nyata setelah 26 hari diinokulasi. Di samping itu proporsi akar sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan akar primer pada  tanaman kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi CMA. Pemupukan pada umumnya menurunkan pertumbuhan akar dan secara nyata menurunkan nisbah akar pucuk. Volume perakaran lebih besar pada bibit kelapa sawit yang diinokulasi dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi.  Peningkatan serapan  N, P,  dan  K tertinggi teramati 26 minggu setelah inokulasi. Morfologi perakaran yang lebih baik demikian pula arsitektur perakaran mungkin merupakan mekanisme bibit kelapa sawit bermikoriza dalam meningkatkan serapan P.


2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 492-505
Author(s):  
M. Molina ◽  
M. Mota ◽  
A. Ramos

We investigate the probabilistic evolution of a near-critical bisexual branching process with mating depending on the number of couples in the population. We determine sufficient conditions which guarantee either the almost sure extinction of such a process or its survival with positive probability. We also establish some limiting results concerning the sequences of couples, females, and males, suitably normalized. In particular, gamma, normal, and degenerate distributions are proved to be limit laws. The results also hold for bisexual Bienaymé–Galton–Watson processes, and can be adapted to other classes of near-critical bisexual branching processes.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document