Leaf position-dependent changes in proline, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity and water relations under salt-stress in genetically stable salt-tolerant somaclones ofBrassica juncea L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Madan ◽  
H. S. Nainawatee ◽  
Sunita Jain ◽  
R. K. Jain ◽  
M. S. Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Carboxylate Reductase

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Responses ofPhaseolusSpecies to Salinity Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bayuelo-Jiménez ◽  
N. Jasso-Plata ◽  
I. Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Salt Level

This paper reports the changes on growth, photosynthesis, water relations, soluble carbohydrate, and ion accumulation, for two salt-tolerant and two salt-sensitivePhaseolusspecies grown under increasing salinity (0, 60 and 90 mM NaCl). After 20 days exposure to salt, biomass was reduced in all species to a similar extent (about 56%), with the effect of salinity on relative growth rate (RGR) confined largely to the first week. RGR of salt-tolerant species was reduced by salinity due to leaf area ratio (LAR) reduction rather than a decline in photosynthetic capacity, whereas unit leaf rate and LAR were the key factors in determining RGR on salt-sensitive species. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance decreased gradually with salinity, showing significant reductions only in salt-sensitive species at the highest salt level. There was little difference between species in the effect of salinity on water relations, as indicated by their positive turgor. Osmotic adjustment occurred in all species and depended on higher K+, Na+, and Cl−accumulation. Despite some changes in soluble carbohydrate accumulation induced by salt stress, no consistent contributions in osmotic adjustment could be found in this study. Therefore, we suggest that tolerance to salt stress is largely unrelated to carbohydrate accumulation inPhaseolusspecies.

scholarly journals Salinity induced changes in water relations, oxidative damage and morpho-physiological adaptations of pistachio genotypes in soilless culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Mirfattahi ◽  
Soheil Karimi ◽  
Mahmoud Reza Roozban
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Succulence

Selecting salt tolerant rootstocks is a sustainable approach for developing fruit trees in salinity prone areas. 60-day-old seedlings of <em>Pistacia vera </em>‘Akbari’ and ‘Ghazvini’, and <em>P. vera</em> ‘Ghazvini’ × <em>P. atlantica </em>(G×A) were subjected to 0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl in half strength Hoagland’s nutrient solution. After 45 days, the growth, water relations, and oxidative damage parameters were investigated. Salt stress reduced plant biomass, height, crown diameter and leaf number, but increased specific leaf area (SLA) of the seedlings. Under salt stress, the growth of ‘Akbari’ seedlings was higher than the other genotypes. Accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was observed in the leaves of salt affected seedlings. ‘Ghazvini’ seedlings had the highest MDA concentration and the lowest cell membrane stability in their leaves. Degredation of photosynthetic pigments under salt stress was lower in the leaves of ‘Akbari’ seedlings than that in other genotypes. Increase in leaf succulence was observed in ‘Akbari’ and G×A seedlings in response to salt stress. Relative water content and concentration of anthocyanins in the leaves of pistachio genotypes remained unchanged under salt stress. The results revealed that monitoring leaf abscission, SLA, leaf succulence, MDA concentration, and photosynthetic pigments provide suitable contrast for screening salt tolerance in pistachio. Furthuremore, ‘Akbari’ was found to be the most salt tolerant genotype.

Genetic Potential for Salt Tolerance During Germination in Lycopersicon Species

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Foolad ◽  
G.Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Wild Accession ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Stress Levels

Seed of 42 wild accessions (Plant Introductions) of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Jusl., 11 cultigens (cultivated accessions) of L. esculentum Mill., and three control genotypes [LA716 (a salt-tolerant wild accession of L. pennellii Corr.), PI 174263 (a salt-tolerant cultigen), and UCT5 (a salt-sensitive breeding line)] were evaluated for germination in either 0 mm (control) or 100 mm synthetic sea salt (SSS, Na+/Ca2+ molar ratio equal to 5). Germination time increased in response to salt-stress in all genotypes, however, genotypic variation was observed. One accession of L. pimpinellifolium, LA1578, germinated as rapidly as LA716, and both germinated more rapidly than any other genotype under salt-stress. Ten accessions of L. pimpinellifolium germinated more rapidly than PI 174263 and 35 accessions germinated more rapidly than UCT5 under salt-stress. The results indicate a strong genetic potential for salt tolerance during germination within L. pimpinellifolium. Across genotypes, germination under salt-stress was positively correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.01) with germination in the control treatment. The stability of germination response at diverse salt-stress levels was determined by evaluating germination of a subset of wild, cultivated accessions and the three control genotypes at 75, 150, and 200 mm SSS. Seeds that germinated rapidly at 75 mm also germinated rapidly at 150 mm salt. A strong correlation (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) existed between the speed of germination at these two salt-stress levels. At 200 mm salt, most accessions (76%) did not reach 50% germination by 38 days, demonstrating limited genetic potential within Lycopersicon for salt tolerance during germination at this high salinity.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227
Author(s):  
Ali Mahmoud El-Badri ◽  
Maria Batool ◽  
Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Zongkai Wang ◽  
Ahmed Khatab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Seedling

Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.

scholarly journals Morpho- biochemical evaluation of Brassica rapa sub-species for salt tolerance

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Jan ◽  
Zabta Shinwari ◽  
Malik Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
Yellow Type

Salt stress is one of the key abiotic stresses that affect both the qualitative and quantitative characters of many Brassica rapa sub-species by disturbing its normal morphobiochemical processes. Therefore, the present research work was designed to study the effect of different NaCl events (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol) on morphological and biochemical characters and to screen salt tolerant genotypes among brown, yellow and toria types of B. rapa sub-species. The plants were grown in test tubes with addition of four level of NaCl (0, 50,100 and 150 mmol). The effect of salinity on shoot and root length, shoot/ root fresh and dry weight, relative water content (RWC), proline and chlorophyll a, b, a+b contents was recorded after 4 weeks of sowing. The genotype 22861 (brown type) showed excellent morphological and biochemical performance at all stress levels followed by Toria-Sathi and Toria-A respectively as compared to Check variety TS-1. The genotype 26158 (yellow type) gave very poor performance and retard growth. The %RWC values and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents were decreased several folds with the increase of salt concentration. While, the proline contents was increased with raising of salt stress. The brown and toria types showed maximum tolerance to salt stress at early germination stages as compare to yellows one. The present study will serve as model to develop quick salt tolerant genotypes among different plant sub-species against salt stress.

scholarly journals Morpho-physiological and gene expression responses of wheat by Aegilops cylindrica amphidiploids to salt stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Kiani ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
S. A. M. Mirmohammady Meibody ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Khadijeh Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Lower Root ◽  
Vacuolar Sequestration

AbstractAegilops cylindrica Host is one of the most salt-tolerant species in the Triticeae tribe. Amphidiploid plants derived from hybridization of ‘Roshan’ × Aegilops cylindrica and ‘Chinese Spring’ × Ae. cylindrica genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance were assessed for their morpho-physiological responses and the expression patterns of two genes related to ion homeostasis under 250 mM NaCl. Results showed that salt stress caused significant declines in both their morphological and phenological traits. Moreover, salt stress reduced not only their chlorophyll content but also their root and shoot K contents and K/Na ratios, while it led to significant enhancements in the remaining traits. Similar to Ae. cylindrica, the amphidiploids subjected to salt stress exhibited significantly higher H2O2 levels, root and shoot K contents, and root and shoot K/Na ratios accompanied by lower root and shoot Na contents and MDA concentrations when compared with the same traits in the wheat parents. Quantitative Real-Time PCR showed significant differential expression patterns of the NHX1 and HKT1;5 genes between the amphidiploids and their parents. The transcript level of HKT1;5 was found to be higher in the roots than in the shoots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica while NHX1 exhibited a higher expression in the shoot tissues. The consistency of these data provides compelling support for the hypothesis that active exclusion of Na from the roots and elevated vacuolar sequestration of Na in the leaves might explain the declining Na levels in the shoots and roots of both the amphidiploids and Ae. cylindrica relative to those measured in wheat parents. It is concluded that the hybridized amphiploids are potentially valuable resources for salt improvement in bread wheat through the backcrossing approach.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals The full-length transcriptome of Spartina alterniflora reveals the complexity of high salt tolerance in monocotyledonous halophyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Ye ◽  
Taotao Wang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shuaitong Lou ◽  
Faxiu Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

ABSTRACTSpartina alterniflora (Spartina) is the only halophyte in the salt marsh. However, the molecular basis of its high salt tolerance remains elusive. In this study, we used PacBio full-length single molecule long-read sequencing and RNA-seq to elucidate the transcriptome dynamics of high salt tolerance in Spartina by salt-gradient experiments (0, 350, 500 and 800 mM NaCl). We systematically analyzed the gene expression diversity and deciphered possible roles of ion transporters, protein kinases and photosynthesis in salt tolerance. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis revealed several hub genes in salt stress regulatory networks, including protein kinases such as SaOST1, SaCIPK10 and three SaLRRs. Furthermore, high salt stress affected the gene expression of photosynthesis through down-regulation at the transcription level and alternative splicing at the post-transcriptional level. In addition, overexpression of two Spartina salt-tolerant genes SaHSP70-I and SaAF2 in Arabidopsis significantly promoted the salt tolerance of transgenic lines. Finally, we built the SAPacBio website for visualizing the full-length transcriptome sequences, transcription factors, ncRNAs, salt-tolerant genes, and alternative splicing events in Spartina. Overall, this study sheds light on the high salt tolerance mechanisms of monocotyledonous-halophyte and demonstrates the potential of Spartina genes for engineering salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Beyond the greenhouse: coupling environmental and salt stress response reveals unexpected global transcriptional regulatory networks in Salicornia bigelovii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Chelaifa ◽  
Manikandan Vinu ◽  
Massar Dieng ◽  
Youssef Idaghdour ◽  
Ayesha Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
Salicornia Bigelovii ◽  
Tolerant Plant

AbstractSoil salinity is an increasing threat to global food production systems. As such, there is a need for salt tolerant plant model systems in order to understand salt stress regulation and response. Salicornia bigelovii, a succulent obligatory halophyte, is one of the most salt tolerant plant species in the world. It possesses distinctive characteristics that make it a candidate plant model for studying salt stress regulation and tolerance, showing promise as an economical non-crop species that can be used for saline land remediation and for large-scale biofuel production. However, available S. bigelovii genomic and transcriptomic data are insufficient to reveal its molecular mechanism of salt tolerance. We performed transcriptome analysis of S. bigelovii flowers, roots, seeds and shoots tissues cultivated under desert conditions and irrigated with saline aquaculture effluent. We identified a unique set of tissue specific transcripts present in this non-model crop. A total of 66,943 transcripts (72.63%) were successfully annotated through the GO database with 18,321 transcripts (27.38%) having no matches to known transcripts. Excluding non-plant transcripts, differential expression analysis of 49,914 annotated transcripts revealed differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) between the four tissues and identified shoots and flowers as the most transcriptionally similar tissues relative to roots and seeds. The DETs between above and below ground tissues, with the exclusion of seeds, were primarily involved in osmotic regulation and ion transportation. We identified DETs between shoots and roots implicated in salt tolerance including SbSOS1, SbNHX, SbHKT6 upregulated in shoots relative to roots, while aquaporins (AQPs) were up regulated in roots. We also noted that DETs implicated in osmolyte regulation exhibit a different profile among shoots and roots. Our study provides the first report of a highly upregulated HKT6 from S. bigelovii shoot tissue. Furthermore, we identified two BADH transcripts with divergent sequence and tissue specific expression pattern. Overall, expression of the ion transport transcripts suggests Na+ accumulation in S. bigelovii shoots. Our data led to novel insights into transcriptional regulation across the four tissues and identified a core set of salt stress-related transcripts in S. bigelovii.

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