Plasma levels of insulin and liver glycogen contents in one- and two-year old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) during the period of parr-smolt transformation

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mayer ◽  
Bertil Borg ◽  
Erika M. Plisetskaya
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Liver Glycogen, Enzyme Activities, and Pancreatic Hormones in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during Their First Summer in Seawater

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika M. Plisetskaya ◽  
Thomas W. Moon ◽  
Donald A. Larsen ◽  
Glen D. Foster ◽  
Walton W. Dickhoff
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Pancreatic Hormones ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Summer Mortality

Our observation of very low liver glycogen concentration in 1-yr-old feeding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in seawater net-pens in Puget Sound, Washington, led to studies of their metabolic status. We assessed liver glycogen concentration, activities of some hepatic enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis, depletion, and gluconeogenesis, and plasma profiles of glucose and pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon) in yearling Atlantic salmon before and after seawater transfer. Liver glycogen concentration in Atlantic salmon during the several months after seawater entry was much lower than in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) of the same age in seawater. Other metabolic and hormonal indices throughout the study did not differ substantially between the two species. During their first summer in seawater net-pens, seemingly healthy, feeding 1-yr-old Atlantic salmon smolts are prone to high mortality. We hypothesize that the virtual absence of glycogen reserves in the liver makes seawater-adapted 1-yr-old Atlantic salmon juveniles particularly susceptible to stress and may contribute to high summer mortality.

scholarly journals Growth hormone endocrinology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): pituitary gene expression, hormone storage, secretion and plasma levels during parr-smolt transformation

2001 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Agustsson ◽  
K Sundell ◽  
T Sakamoto ◽  
V Johansson ◽  
M Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh

A number of studies on the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), have reported changes in plasma GH during parr-smolt transformation, but there is a lack of information about the endocrinology of the GH system during this process. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these changes in plasma GH levels during the parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon, GH mRNA expression in the pituitary was studied together with total pituitary GH content, in vitro GH secretion rate and plasma GH and IGF-I levels. Atlantic salmon were kept in outside tanks, under natural condition from early February until late June. Approximately three times a month fish were killed and pituitaries and blood were sampled for investigation. Further, pituitaries were moved to the laboratory for in vitro GH secretion studies. The results show that the GH system is first activated by an increase in GH secretion rate, which leads to an increase in plasma GH levels and causes a drop in the total GH content of the pituitary. This drop in pituitary GH content is later reversed by an increased GH synthesis seen as an increase in GH mRNA expression. Maximal activation of the GH system is seen to occur in early May, when plasma IGF-I levels reach highest levels, after which a certain deactivation of the GH system takes place. The data show that plasma levels of GH are to a large extent regulated by the secretion rate from the pituitary, although changes in the GH clearance rate are also likely to take place and influence the plasma GH levels. The study further underlines the significant role that the GH-IGF-I axis plays in the parr-smolt transformation of the Atlantic salmon.

Plasma levels of vitamin D3 metabolites during parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.

Aquaculture ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 240 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Eide Graff ◽  
Sigurd O. Stefansson ◽  
Lage Aksnes ◽  
Øyvind Lie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Vitamin D3 Metabolites

Responses of Kidney, Liver, Muscle, and Bone in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Diet and Liming in Acidic Nova Scotia Rivers

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Majewski ◽  
S. B. Brown ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
H. C. Freeman ◽  
J. F. Klaverkamp
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Kidney Liver

Two-year old sexually maturing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were held in the Medway (pH range 5.2–5.6) and WestfieSd (pH range 4.7–5.2) rivers of Nova Scotia for 149 and 126 d respectively, in successive years (1985 and 1986). Exposure to Westfield river water resulted in a depletion of renal and hepatic acid-soluble thiol (AST) and of renal ascorbic acid (AsA) reserves in both years. Liming, or the feeding of a high-salt (3.0% NaCl) diet, failed to maintain completely these reserves at levels found in Medway river salmon. In 1986 declines in bone (Ca and P) and muscle (Na and K) electrolytes were coincidental to elevations in liver glycogen, suggesting that gluconeogenesis was an adaptive mechanism in response to the ionoregulatory effects associated with acidic and low ambient calcium conditions. The addition of lime to Westfield river water restored muscle electrolyte levels, but had no effect on depleted bone Ca and P levels.

Feeding, Reconditioning, and Rematuration Responses of Captive Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelt

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1835-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Crim ◽  
C. E. Wilson ◽  
Y. P. So ◽  
D. R. Idler ◽  
C. E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kelt were reconditioned in the laboratory by initiating their feeding during the winter on freshly thawed Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) supplemented with vitamins and trace minerals. Some kelt improved in condition by April, and by June the majority were reconditioned. Some females skipped a year of reproductive activity with most rematuring a second time the following year. One group of females rematured and was spawned a third time without skipping another reproductive cycle. Plasma levels of vitellogenin, estradiol, and testosterone remained low in reproductively inactive female kelt; in contrast, these substances increased and peaked just prior to spawning in late October in maturing female kelt. In males, plasma levels of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone rose in conjunction with testicular development, reaching peak hormone values during the period of spermiation. Although good-quality eggs were collected from reconditioned kelt according to high egg fertilization rates and high rates of egg survival through the eyed and hatching stages, most kelt yolksac larvae died just prior to swim-up. High mortality rates for kelt larvae suggest that either the silverside diet is nutritionally deficient or that the physiology of reconditioned kelt broodstock is inadequate for good-quality egg production.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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