scholarly journals Evaluation of preferred orientation in multi-component polymer systems using x-ray scattering procedures

2005 ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey R. Mitchell ◽  
Sayant Saengsuwan ◽  
Sauvarop Bualek-Limcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering of self-assembled nanocomposite films with oriented arrays of spheres: determination of lattice type, preferred orientation, deformation and imperfection

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Ruland ◽  
Bernd M. Smarsly
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Colloidal Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Type ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Mesostructured oxide films were prepared by dip-coating from colloidal solutions on ultrathin Si wafers and solidified by heating at various temperatures. Two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering measurements were carried out in transmission under selected tilt angles and evaluated by comparison with analytical expressions. The films are composed of oriented mesophases, the structures of which are defined in terms of lattice type, preferred orientation, deformation and imperfection, notably stacking faults.

scholarly journals Nanostructure development in multilayered polymer systems as revealed by X-ray scattering methods

2005 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Baltá. Calleja ◽  
Fernando Ania ◽  
Inés Puente Orench ◽  
Eric Baer ◽  
Anne Hiltner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Mixed-flow design for microfluidic printing of two-component polymer semiconductor systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 17551-17557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Liang-Wen Feng ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Subhrangsu Mukherjee ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Phase Purity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Ray Scattering

The rational creation of two-component conjugated polymer systems with high levels of phase purity in each component is challenging but crucial for realizing printed soft-matter electronics. Here, we report a mixed-flow microfluidic printing (MFMP) approach for two-componentπ-polymer systems that significantly elevates phase purity in bulk-heterojunction solar cells and thin-film transistors. MFMP integrates laminar and extensional flows using a specially microstructured shear blade, designed with fluid flow simulation tools to tune the flow patterns and induce shear, stretch, and pushout effects. This optimizes polymer conformation and semiconducting blend order as assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), resonant soft X-ray scattering (R-SoXS), photovoltaic response, and field effect mobility. For printed all-polymer (poly[(5,6-difluoro-2-octyl-2H-benzotriazole-4,7-diyl)-2,5-thiophenediyl[4,8-bis[5-(2-hexyldecyl)-2-thienyl]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl]) [J51]:(poly{[N,N′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5′-(2,2′-bithiophene)}) [N2200]) solar cells, this approach enhances short-circuit currents and fill factors, with power conversion efficiency increasing from 5.20% for conventional blade coating to 7.80% for MFMP. Moreover, the performance of mixed polymer ambipolar [poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT):N2200] and semiconducting:insulating polymer unipolar (N2200:polystyrene) transistors is similarly enhanced, underscoring versatility for two-componentπ-polymer systems. Mixed-flow designs offer modalities for achieving high-performance organic optoelectronics via innovative printing methodologies.

scholarly journals Retrieving the spatially resolved preferred orientation of embedded anisotropic particles by small-angle X-ray scattering tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Torbjørn Skjønsfjell ◽  
Torbjørn Kringeland ◽  
Håvard Granlund ◽  
Kristin Høydalsvik ◽  
Ana Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Anisotropic Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scalar Density ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Spatially Varying ◽  
Ray Scattering

Experimental nondestructive methods for probing the spatially varying arrangement and orientation of ultrastructures in hierarchical materials are in high demand. While conventional computed tomography (CT) is the method of choice for nondestructively imaging the interior of objects in three dimensions, it retrieves only scalar density fields. In addition to the traditional absorption contrast, other contrast mechanisms for image formation based on scattering and refraction are increasingly used in combination with CT methods, improving both the spatial resolution and the ability to distinguish materials of similar density. Being able to obtain vectorial information, like local growth directions and crystallite orientations, in addition to scalar density fields, is a longstanding scientific desire. In this work, it is demonstrated that, under certain conditions, the spatially varying preferred orientation of anisotropic particles embedded in a homogeneous matrix can be retrieved using CT with small-angle X-ray scattering as the contrast mechanism. Specifically, orientation maps of filler talc particles in injection-moulded isotactic polypropylene are obtained nondestructively under the key assumptions that the preferred orientation varies slowly in space and that the orientation of the flake-shaped talc particles is confined to a plane. It is expected that the method will find application inin situstudies of the mechanical deformation of composites and other materials with hierarchical structures over a range of length scales.

A Real-time X-ray Scattering Study of Sputtering Growth of TiN Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Jel ◽  
D. Y. Noh ◽  
H. K. Kim ◽  
K. S. Liang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Crystallographic Orientation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractWe report the results of a real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering study of the growth of TiN thin films on Si(001) substrates by RF sputtering. Our experiemnts show that the morphology of the TiN films strongly depends on growth conditions. After the nucleation and growth takes place with random crystallographic orientation at the very early stage, the films grow with a preferred orientation. Such preferred orientation was found to depend on both the sputtering power and the carrier gases used in the sputtering. Generally, the final morphology assumes either (111) or (002) crystallographic orientation. Using Ar sputtering, a cross-over effect from (002) to (111) was observed at intermediate time. The nature of the observed morphological changes is discussed.

Small-angle X-ray scattering study of intramuscular fish bone: collagen fibril superstructure determined from equidistant meridional reflections

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Burger ◽  
Hong-wen Zhou ◽  
Igors Sicŝ ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
Benjamin Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Collagen Fibril ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ray Scattering

New insights into the bone collagen fibril superstructure have been obtained by novel small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The analysis was carried out on the small-angle equidistant meridional reflections resulting from the periodic structure of collagen fibrils in their axial direction. Conventional two-dimensional analysis is difficult because of the large discrepancy of longitudinal and lateral length scales for individual fibrils, as well as their preferred orientation. The new approach represents an unapproximated analysis of the equidistant meridional reflections, which takes the exact separation of preferred orientation and fibril size effects into account. The analytical results (e.g.axial period, fibril diameteretc.) agree well with the parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy.

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