scholarly journals Neurolinguistic Evidence for Script Relativity

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
Brain Network ◽  
Cognitive Diversity ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Test Script

Abstract This chapter reviews a vast amount of neuroimaging studies of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean in comparison to L2 English, using the neuonral recycling hypothesis (Dehaene, 2009) and the (writing) system accommodation hypothesis (Perfetti & Liu, 2005) as theoretical frameworks. In order to understand the basic brain network associated with reading, the major reading circuits found among typical readers are first reviewed. The findings of neuroimaging studies of reading in alphabetic scripts are reviewed and then moved on to the nonalphabetic Chinese and Japanese scripts, compared to L2 English. Although reviewed studies were not carried out to directly test script relativity, evidence converges on biological unity, script diversity, and cognitive diversity, which points toward script relativity.

Understanding the limits of power: America's Middle East experience

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIMILIAN TERHALLE
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
American Power ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Main Thread

AbstractThe main thread of this review article is to identify the reasons of how to account for the trajectory of American power in the region. Leaving behind the vast amount of highly politicised and hastily compiled volumes of recent years (notwithstanding valuable exceptions), the monographs composed by Lawrence Freedman, Trita Parsi and Oliver Roy attempt to subtly disentangle the intricacies of US involvement in the region from highly distinct perspectives. One caveat for International Relations theorists is that none of the aforementioned authors intends to provide theoretical frameworks for his examination. However, since IR theory has damagingly neglected history in the last decades, the works under review here, at least in part, compensate for this disciplinary and intellectual failure.In conclusion, Freedman's in-depth approach as a diplomatic historian, with its underlying reference to the various traditions in US foreign policy thinking, is most illuminating, while Parsi's contestable account focuses too narrowly on the Iran-Israel relationship. Roy's explications fail to show how and why the ‘ideological’ element in US foreign policy came to carry exceedingly more weight after 2001 than it did in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Linguistic Evidence for Script Relativity

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Hye K. Pae
Keyword(s):  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Operating Principle ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Test Script ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linguistic Skills

Abstract Using the universal grammar of reading and the system accommodation hypothesis (Perfetti, 2003) as theoretical frameworks, this chapter reviews a wide range of linguistic evidence that supports script relativity. Universality and specificity found according to script features are discussed with respect to the operating principle (alphabet vs. logography), psycholinguistic gran size (phoneme vs. syllable), graph configuration (linearity vs. block), symbolic representation (arbitrariness vs. iconic quality), graph complexity (traditional characters vs. simplified characters), and multi-script representation (phonogram Kana vs. Ideogram Kanji). Linguistic skills associated with reading in terms of orthography, phonology, morphology as well as cross-linguistic and cross-scriptal transfer are reviewed. Next, based on the reviewed literature, each criterion for causality from script to cognition through reading as a multifaceted cognitive activity is checked. Although the existing literature did not aim to directly test script relativity, research findings collectively suggest script effects on readers’ thought and cognition.

Oral Approach Avoidance

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Godinho ◽  
Margarida V. Garrido ◽  
Oleksandr V. Horchak
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Writing System ◽  
Oral Movements ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Oral Approach ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Abstract Words ◽  
European Family

Abstract. Words whose articulation resembles ingestion movements are preferred to words mimicking expectoration movements. This so-called in-out effect, suggesting that the oral movements caused by consonantal articulation automatically activate concordant motivational states, was already replicated in languages belonging to Germanic (e.g., German and English) and Italic (e.g., Portuguese) branches of the Indo-European family. However, it remains unknown whether such preference extends to the Indo-European branches whose writing system is based on the Cyrillic rather than Latin alphabet (e.g., Ukrainian), or whether it occurs in languages not belonging to the Indo-European family (e.g., Turkish). We replicated the in-out effect in two high-powered experiments ( N = 274), with Ukrainian and Turkish native speakers, further supporting an embodied explanation for this intriguing preference.

Brain Network Activation Analysis for Assessing and Managing Sport-Related Concussion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elbin ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Jennine Wedge ◽  
Aiobheann Cline ◽  
Scott Dakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Activation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document