Erratum to: White Matter Microstructure and Subcortical Gray Matter Structure Volumes in Aspartylglucosaminuria; a 5-Year Follow-up Brain MRI Study of an Adolescent with Aspartylglucosaminuria and His Healthy Twin Brother

ObjectiveTo explore whether regional brain volume and white matter microstructure at term-equivalent age (TEA) are associated with development at 2 years of age in children born moderate–late preterm (MLPT).Study designA cohort of MLPT infants had brain MRI at approximately TEA (38–44 weeks’ postmenstrual age) and had a developmental assessment (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment) at 2 years’ corrected age. Relationships between cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using voxel-based morphometry. Relationships between diffusion tensor measures of white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivities) and 2-year developmental outcomes were explored using tract-based spatial statistics.Results189 MLPT children had data from at least one MRI modality (volumetric or diffusion) and data for at least one developmental domain. Larger cortical grey and white matter volumes in many brain regions, and higher FA and lower AD, RD and MD in several major white matter regions, were associated with better cognitive and language scores. There was little evidence that cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure were associated with motor and behavioural outcomes.ConclusionsRegional cortical grey matter and white matter volumes and white matter microstructure are associated with cognitive and language development at 2 years of age in MLPT children. Thus, early alterations to brain volumes and microstructure may contribute to some of the developmental deficits described in MLPT children.

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Brain atrophy evolution and lesion load accrual in multiple sclerosis: a 2-year follow-up study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458508098270 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 204-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G Tedeschi ◽

D Dinacci ◽

M Comerci ◽

L Lavorgna ◽

G Savettieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Lesion Load ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Gray Matter Atrophy

Background To investigate in a large cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), lesion load and atrophy evolution, and the relationship between clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlates of disease progression. Methods Two hundred and sixty-seven patients with MS were studied at baseline and two years later using the same MRI protocol. Abnormal white matter fraction, normal appearing white matter fraction, global white matter fraction, gray matter fraction and whole brain fraction, T2-hyperintense, and T1-hypointense lesions were measured at both time points. Results The majority of patients were clinically stable, whereas MRI-derived brain tissue fractions were significantly different after 2 years. The correlation between MRI data at baseline and their variation during the follow-up showed that lower basal gray matter atrophy was significantly related with higher progression of gray matter atrophy during follow-up. The correlation between MRI parameters and disease duration showed that gray matter atrophy rate decreased with increasing disease duration, whereas the rate of white matter atrophy had a constant pattern. Lower basal gray matter atrophy was associated with increased probability of developing gray matter atrophy at follow-up, whereas gray matter atrophy progression over 2 years and new T2 lesion load were risk factors for whole brain atrophy progression. Conclusions In MS, brain atrophy occurs even after a relatively short period of time and in patients with limited progression of disability. Short-term brain atrophy progression rates differ across tissue compartments, as gray matter atrophy results more pronounced than white matter atrophy and appears to be a early phenomenon in the MS-related disease progression.

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Gray matter blood flow and volume are reduced in association with white matter hyperintensity lesion burden: a cross-sectional MRI study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2015.00131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

David E. Crane ◽

Sandra E. Black ◽

Anoop Ganda ◽

David J. Mikulis ◽

Sean M. Nestor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

White Matter ◽

Gray Matter ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mri Study

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Long-term cerebral white and gray matter changes after preeclampsia

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000003765 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (13) ◽

pp. 1256-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Timo Siepmann ◽

Henry Boardman ◽

Amy Bilderbeck ◽

Ludovica Griffanti ◽

Yvonne Kenworthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

White Matter ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Microstructural Integrity

Objective:To determine whether changes in cerebral structure are present after preeclampsia that may explain increased cerebrovascular risk in these women.Methods:We conducted a case control study in women between 5 and 15 years after either a preeclamptic or normotensive pregnancy. Brain MRI was performed. Analysis of white matter structure was undertaken using voxel-based segmentation of fluid-attenuation inversion recovery sequences to assess white matter lesion volume and diffusion tensor imaging to measure microstructural integrity. Voxel-based analysis of gray matter volumes was performed with adjustment for skull size.Results:Thirty-four previously preeclamptic women (aged 42.8 ± 5.1 years) and 49 controls were included. Previously preeclamptic women had reduced cortical gray matter volume (523.2 ± 30.1 vs 544.4 ± 44.7 mL, p < 0.05) and, although both groups displayed white matter lesions, changes were more extensive in previously preeclamptic women. They displayed increased temporal lobe white matter disease (lesion volume: 23.2 ± 24.9 vs 10.9 ± 15.0 μL, p < 0.05) and altered microstructural integrity (radial diffusivity: 538 ± 19 vs 526 ± 18 × 10−6 mm2/s, p < 0.01), which also extended to occipital and parietal lobes. The degree of temporal lobe white matter change in previously preeclamptic women was independent of their current cardiovascular risk profile (p < 0.05) and increased with time from index pregnancy (p < 0.05).Conclusion:A history of preeclampsia is associated with temporal lobe white matter changes and reduced cortical volume in young women, which is out of proportion to their classic cardiovascular risk profile. The severity of changes is proportional to time since pregnancy, which would be consistent with continued accumulation of damage after pregnancy.

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Association of White Matter Hyperintensity Markers on MRI and Long-term Risk of Mortality and Ischemic Stroke

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000011827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 (17) ◽

pp. e2172-e2183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rashid Ghaznawi ◽

Mirjam I. Geerlings ◽

Myriam Jaarsma-Coes ◽

Jeroen Hendrikse ◽

Jeroen de Bresser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

White Matter ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Mri Scans

ObjectiveTo determine whether white matter hyperintensity (WMH) markers on MRI are associated with long-term risk of mortality and ischemic stroke.MethodsWe included consecutive patients with manifest arterial disease enrolled in the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease–Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR) study. We obtained WMH markers (volume, type, and shape) from brain MRI scans performed at baseline using an automated algorithm. During follow-up, occurrence of death and ischemic stroke was recorded. Using Cox regression, we investigated associations of WMH markers with risk of mortality and ischemic stroke, adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cerebrovascular disease.ResultsWe included 999 patients (59 ± 10 years; 79% male) with a median follow-up of 12.5 years (range 0.2–16.0 years). A greater periventricular or confluent WMH volume was independently associated with a greater risk of vascular death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.47) for a 1-unit increase in natural log-transformed WMH volume and ischemic stroke (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.26–1.86). A confluent WMH type was independently associated with a greater risk of vascular (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.15-3.11) and nonvascular death (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.73) and ischemic stroke (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.36-5.87). A more irregular shape of periventricular or confluent WMH, as expressed by an increase in concavity index, was independently associated with a greater risk of vascular (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05–1.38 per SD increase) and nonvascular death (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.42) and ischemic stroke (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.05–1.55).ConclusionsWMH volume, type, and shape are associated with long-term risk of mortality and ischemic stroke in patients with manifest arterial disease.

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