scholarly journals Morphology and Function of Cerebral Arteries in Adults with Pompe Disease

2014 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Hensel ◽  
F. Hanisch ◽  
K. Stock ◽  
D. Stoevesandt ◽  
M. Deschauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Differential effects of diet-induced obesity on BKCa β1-subunit expression and function in rat skeletal muscle arterioles and small cerebral arteries

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. H29-H40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Howitt ◽  
Shaun L. Sandow ◽  
T. Hilton Grayson ◽  
Zoe E. Ellis ◽  
Margaret J. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Cremaster Muscle ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Subunit Protein ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
And Function

Mechanisms underlying obesity-related vascular dysfunction are unclear. This study examined the effect of diet-induced obesity on expression and function of large conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel (BKCa) in rat pressurized small resistance vessels with myogenic tone. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a cafeteria-style high fat diet (HFD; ∼30% energy from fat) for 16–20 wk were ∼30% heavier than controls fed standard chow (∼13% fat). Obesity did not alter BKCa α-subunit function or α-subunit protein or mRNA expression in vessels isolated from the cremaster muscle or middle-cerebral circulations. In contrast, BKCa β1-subunit protein expression and function were significantly reduced in cremaster muscle arterioles but increased in middle-cerebral arteries from obese animals. Immunohistochemistry showed α- and β1-subunits were present exclusively in the smooth muscle of both vessels. Cremaster muscle arterioles from obese animals showed significantly increased medial thickness, and media-to-lumen ratio and pressurized arterioles showed increased myogenic tone at 30 mmHg, but not at 50–120 mmHg. Myogenic tone was not affected by obesity in middle-cerebral arteries. The BKCa antagonist iberiotoxin constricted both cremaster muscle and middle-cerebral arterioles from control rats; this effect of iberiotoxin was abolished in cremaster muscle arteries only from obese rats. Diet-induced obesity has contrasting effects on BKCa function in different vascular beds, through differential effects on β1-subunit expression. However, these alterations in BKCa function had little effect on overall myogenic tone, suggesting that the mechanisms controlling myogenic tone can be altered and compensate for altered BKCa expression and function.

P73 Structure and function of posterior cerebral arteries in a preeclampsia rat model

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. S62
Author(s):  
Marjon Wiegman ◽  
Anne Marijn van der Graaf ◽  
Gerda Zeeman ◽  
Jan Aarnoudse ◽  
Rob Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals α1-Adrenergic receptor subtype function in fetal and adult cerebral arteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. H1797-H1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Goyal ◽  
Ashwani Mittal ◽  
Nina Chu ◽  
Lubo Zhang ◽  
Lawrence D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Wb 4101 ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Nonpregnant Adult ◽  
And Function

In the developing fetus, cerebral artery (CA) contractility demonstrates significant functional differences from that of the adult. This may be a consequence of differential activities of α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) subtypes. Thus we tested the hypothesis that maturational differences in adrenergic-mediated CA contractility are, in part, a consequence of differential expression and/or activities of α1-AR subtypes. In CA from fetal (∼140 days) and nonpregnant adult sheep, we used wire myography and imaging, with simultaneous measurement of tension and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), radioimmunoassay, and Western immunoblots to examine phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractile responses. The α1A-AR antagonists (5-MU and WB-4101) completely inhibited Phe-induced contraction in adult but not fetal CA; however, [Ca2+]i increase was reduced significantly in both age groups. The α1D-AR antagonist (BMY-7378) blocked both Phe-induced contractions and Ca2+ responses to a significantly greater extent in adult compared with fetal CA. In both age groups, inhibition of α1A-AR and α1B-AR, but not α1D-AR, significantly reduced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate responses to Phe. Western immunoblots demonstrated that the α1-AR subtype expression was only ∼20% in fetal CA compared with the adult. Moreover, in fetal CA, the α1D-AR was expressed significantly greater than the other two subtypes. Also, in fetal but not adult CA, Phe induced a significant increase in activated ERK1/2; this increase in phosphorylated ERK was blocked by α1B-AR (CEC) and α1D-AR (BMY-7378) inhibitors, but not by α1A-AR inhibitors (5-MU or WB-4101). In conclusion, in the fetal CA, α1B-AR and α1D-AR subtypes play a key role in contractile response as well as in ERK activation. We speculate that in fetal CA α1B-AR and α1D-AR subtypes may be a critical factor associated with cerebrovascular growth and function.

scholarly journals AAV-mediated transcription factor EB (TFEB) gene delivery ameliorates muscle pathology and function in the murine model of Pompe Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gatto ◽  
Barbara Rossi ◽  
Antonietta Tarallo ◽  
Elena Polishchuk ◽  
Roman Polishchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
And Function

Contrasting effects of simulated microgravity with and without daily −Gx gravitation on structure and function of cerebral and mesenteric small arteries in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1710-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le-Jian Lin ◽  
Fang Gao ◽  
Yun-Gang Bai ◽  
Jun-Xiang Bao ◽  
Xiao-Feng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Myogenic Tone ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Arteries ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
And Function

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a 28-day tail suspension (SUS) could induce hypertrophy and enhanced myogenic and vasoconstrictor reactivity in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), whereas atrophy and decreased myogenic and vasoconstrictor responses in mesenteric third-order arterioles (MSAs). Also, in addition to the functional enhancement in MCAs, structural changes in both kinds of arteries and functional decrement in MSAs could all be prevented by the intervention of daily 1-h dorsoventral (−Gx) gravitation by restoring to standing posture. To test this hypothesis, vessel diameters to pressure alterations and nonreceptor- and receptor-mediated agonists were determined using a pressure arteriograph with a procedure to measure in vivo length and decrease hysteresis of vessel segments and longitudinal middlemost sections of vessels fixed at maximally dilated state were examined using electron microscopy and histomorphometry. Functional studies showed that 28-day tail-suspended, head-down tilt (SUS) resulted in enhanced and decreased myogenic tone and vasoconstrictor responses, respectively, in MCAs and MSAs. Histomorphometric data revealed that SUS-induced hypertrophic changes in MCAs characterized by increases in thickness (T) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the media and the number of vascular smooth-muscle-cell layers (NCL), whereas in MSAs, it induced decreases in medial CSA and T and NCL. Daily 1-h −Gx over 28 days can fully prevent these differential structural changes in both kinds of small arteries and the functional decrement in MSAs, but not the augmented myogenic tone and increased vasoreactivity in the MCAs. These findings have revealed special features of small resistance arteries during adaptation to microgravity with and without gravity-based countermeasure.

scholarly journals Aging influences cerebrovascular myogenic reactivity and BK channel function in a sex-specific manner

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 1372-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T Reed ◽  
Tanya Pareek ◽  
Srinivas Sriramula ◽  
Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Bk Channel ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Channel Function ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Function

Abstract Aims The myogenic reactivity of the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) protects the brain by altering the diameter in response to changes in lumen pressure. Large conductance potassium (BK) channels are known to regulate the myogenic reactivity, yet, it is not clear how aging alters the myogenic reactivity via the BK channel in males and females. Thus, we hypothesize that age-associated changes in BK channel subunits modulate the myogenic reactivity in a sex-specific manner. Methods and results We used vascular reactivity, patch-clamp, and biochemical methods to measure myogenic reactivity, BK channel function, and expression, respectively in cerebral vessels of adult and aged male and female Sprague Dawley rats. Our results suggest that aging and ovariectomy (OVX) exaggerated the myogenic reactivity of MCA in females but attenuated it in males. Aging induced outward eutrophic remodelling in females but inward hypertrophic remodelling in males. Aging decreased total, Kv, BK channel currents, and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOC) in vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from females, but not in males. Aging increased BKα subunit mRNA and protein both in males and females. However, aging decreased BKβ1 subunit protein and mRNA in females only. In males, BKβ1 mRNA is increased, but protein is decreased. Iberiotoxin-induced MCA constriction is lower in aged females but higher in aged males. Activation of BKα (10 µM NS1619) and BKβ1 (10 µM S-Equol) subunits failed to increase STOCs and were unable to decrease the myogenic reactivity of MCA in aged female but not in aged male rats. OVX decreased, but chronic supplementation of oestradiol restored BK channel expression and function. Conclusion Overall our results suggest that aging or OVX-associated downregulation of the BKβ1 expression and function in females results in exaggerated myogenic reactivity of MCA. However, age-associated increase in BK channel function in males attenuated myogenic reactivity of MCA.

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Enhances Endothelin Receptor Expression and Function in Rat Cerebral Arteries

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1188-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Hansen-Schwartz ◽  
Natalie Løvland Hoel ◽  
Mingfang Zhou ◽  
Cang-Bao Xu ◽  
Niels-Aage Svendgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Endothelin Receptor ◽  
And Function

Muscular Strength and Function in Late-Onset Pompe Disease: Five-Year Follow-Up of Patients Receiving Enzyme Replacement Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. S37
Author(s):  
Paula Garcia ◽  
Rui Castelo ◽  
Mafalda Barbosa ◽  
Henriqueta Araujo ◽  
Vera Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Pompe Disease ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
And Function

Age-dependent modulation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation by chronic hypoxia in ovine cranial arteries

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Williams ◽  
William J. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Nonpregnant Adult ◽  
And Function ◽  
Chronic Hypoxemia

Although abundant evidence indicates that chronic hypoxia can induce pulmonary vascular remodeling, very little is known of the effects of chronic hypoxia on cerebrovascular structure and function, particularly in the fetus. Thus the present study explored the hypothesis that chronic hypoxemia also influences the size and shape of cerebrovascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, with parallel changes in the reactivity of these cells to endothelium-dependent vasodilator stimuli. To test this hypothesis, measurements of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell size and density were made in silver-stained common carotid and middle cerebral arteries from term fetal and nonpregnant adult sheep maintained at an altitude of 3,820 m for 110 days. Chronic hypoxia induced an age-dependent remodeling that led to smooth muscle cells that were larger in fetal arteries but smaller in adult arteries. Chronic hypoxia also increased endothelial cell density in fetal arteries but reduced it in adult arteries. These combined effects resulted in an increased (adult carotid), decreased (adult middle cerebral), or unchanged (fetal arteries) per cell serosal volume of distribution for endothelial factors. Despite this heterogeneity, the magnitude of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to A23187 , measured in vitro, was largely preserved, although sensitivity to this relaxant was uniformly depressed. NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, and endothelium denudation each independently blocked A23187 -induced vasodilation without unmasking any residual vasoconstrictor effect. Indomethacin did not significantly attenuate A23187 -induced relaxation except in the hypoxic adult middle cerebral, where a small contribution of prostanoids was evident. Vascular sensitivity to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was uniformly increased by chronic hypoxia. From these results, we conclude that chronic hypoxia reduced endothelial NO release while also upregulating some component of the NO-cGMP-PKG vasodilator pathway. These offsetting effects appear to preserve endothelium-dependent vasodilation after adaptation to chronic hypoxia.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the structure and function of rat middle cerebral arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. H1219-H1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoxun Wang ◽  
Huawei Zhang ◽  
Yedan Liu ◽  
Longyang Li ◽  
Ya Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physiological Pressure ◽  
Perfusion Fixation ◽  
And Function

Using perfusion fixation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in calcium-free solution at physiological pressure and systematically randomly sampling the sections prepared from the same M2 segments of MCA, we found that there are structural differences that are associated with altered cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation but not neurovascular coupling and cognition in young, healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Understanding the intrinsic differences in cerebrovascular structure and function in males and females is essential to develop new pharmaceutical treatments for cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

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