The Vicious Cycle of Estrogen Consumption and Obesity: The Role of Mechanotransduction

2014 ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Naama Shoham ◽  
Natan T. Shaked ◽  
Dafna Benayahu ◽  
Amit Gefen
Keyword(s):  
Vicious Cycle

scholarly journals Sepsis and the Microbiome: A Vicious Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D Miller ◽  
Robert Keskey ◽  
John C Alverdy
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Enteral Feeding ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Fecal Transplant ◽  
Suspected Infection

Abstract Although sepsis has been characterized as a dysregulated immune response to an ongoing or suspected infection, the role of the microbiome as a key influencer of the septic response is emerging. The unavoidable disruption of the microbiome while treating sepsis with antibiotics can itself result in immune system dysregulation, further exacerbating the course and outcome of sepsis. Alterations in the gut microbiome as a result of sepsis and its treatment have been implicated in the organ dysfunction typical of sepsis across a wide variety of tissues including the lung, kidney and brain. A number of microbiota directed interventions are currently under investigation in the setting of sepsis including fecal transplant, the administration of dietary fiber in enteral feeding products and the use of antibiotic scavengers that are directed at attenuating the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota while allowing them to concentrate at the primary sites of infection. Taken together, the emerging role of the gut microbiome in sepsis touches various elements of the pathophysiology of sepsis and its treatment, and provides yet another reason to consider the judicious use of antibiotics via antibiotic stewardship programs.

scholarly journals Alzheimer´s Disease in the Perspective of Neuroimmunology

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo B. Maccioni ◽  
Andrea González ◽  
Víctor Andrade ◽  
Nicole Cortés ◽  
José Pablo Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathway ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Culprit

Background:Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that includes the occurrence of behavioral disorders as well as memory and cognitive impairment as major symptoms. AD affects around 12% of the aged population in the world. Considerable research efforts have pointed to the role of innate immunity as the main culprit in the pathogenesis of AD. In this context, and according to with our neuroimmunomodulation theory, microglial activation modifies the cross-talks between microglia and neurons. We postulated that glial activation triggered by “damage signals” activates a pathological molecular cascade that finally leads to hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization of the tau protein. Interestingly, these modifications correlate with the gradual cognitive impairment of patients with the AD. Microglial activation is determined by the nature and strength of the stimulus. In the AD, a continuous activation state of microglia appears to generate neuronal injury and neurodegeneration, producing the outflow of pathological tau from the inner of neurons to the extraneuronal space. Released tau, together with the contribution of ApoE4 protein, would then produce reactivation of microglia, thus inducing a positive feedback that stimulates the vicious cycle in neurodegeneration.Conclusion:Nevertheless, from the pathophysiological perspective AD is significantly more than a loss of memory. In the initial stages of AD pathogenesis, variations in the dopaminergic pathway along with serotonin diminution play an important role. This may explain why depression is associated with the onset of AD. All these pathophysiological events take place together with immunomodulatory changes that trigger tau oligomerization in the course of neurofibrillary tangles formation. Interestingly, mood disorders appear to be followed by neuroinflammatory processes and structural/functional alterations that lead to cognitive impairment in the context of AD.

scholarly journals Mitochondria and Aging—The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure

Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats I Nilsson ◽  
Mark A Tarnopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Damage Protein

Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.

scholarly journals The Role of Security Forces in Thailand’s Deep South Counter-Insurgency

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Paul Chambers ◽  
Napisa Waitoolkiat
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
National Council ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
State Security ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Durable Peace

This study looks at the role of Thai state security forces in the Deep South across history until early 2017. These forces include the army, navy, police and paramilitaries and have been tasked with enforcing Thai state policy toward the Deep South since the centralization of power by the Siamese monarchy over this region in 1902. After the 2014 coup, the junta initiated a policy of using both repression and negotiations with insurgent groups to achieve its aims in the Deep South. Meanwhile violence has continued. The study, using historical institutionalism, argues that Thai security forces’ preference for a hard-line policy in the Deep South has resulted in a vicious cycle of tension and violence between security officials and local Malay-Muslims which has not been conducive to peace efforts in the region. Nevertheless, any durable peace will need to satisfy military perceptions of security. Yet what has been the historical trajectory of security policy in the Deep South? What has been the policy of the ruling National Council for Peace and Order military junta toward the region? What is the likelihood of the Thai junta becoming more pragmatic regarding the Deep South in the near future? This study examines these questions.

scholarly journals How to Avoid Pigeonholing the Environmental Manager ?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Boucher ◽  
Clotilde Jenny ◽  
Zara Plummer ◽  
Gerhard Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Proper Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Action ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Human Motivation ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Virtuous Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Policy

The research investigates the role the environmental manager plays to ensure a successful (or not) implementation of environmental performance within an organization. It is based on interviews of 5-7 actors per company within a sample of 7 companies (42 interviews). We build upon bias of perception of the various actors interviewed within each company to define 4 paradoxes related to the roles and mission of the environmental manager that hinder proper efficiency of environmental management at company level. Paradox 1 is that no one takes ownership of environmental performance within the organization. Paradox 2 is that the environmental manager is in an awkward situation vis-à-vis his boss. Paradox 3 is that the role of the environmental manager is ambiguous vis-à-vis employees. Paradox 4 is that corporate and product approaches are decoupled. We suggest that these paradoxes interact and form a vicious cycle that may in part be responsible for the environmental decoupling phenomenon – the fact that companies often adopt a sustainability policy symbolically without implementing it substantively. Our research suggests that, by leveraging the leadership of the environmental manager through organizational and motivational measures, the vicious cycle can be transformed into a virtuous cycle and the human motivation can become a driver for green change within corporations. We proposed the SEA (Shaping Environmental Action) model based of 4 pillars: information, motivation, organization and strategy.

scholarly journals Role of pH i , and proton transporters in oncogene-driven neoplastic transformation

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1638) ◽  
pp. 20130100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Joel Reshkin ◽  
Maria Raffaella Greco ◽  
Rosa Angela Cardone
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Proton Transporters

The change of a normal, healthy cell to a transformed cell is the first step in the evolutionary arc of a cancer. While the role of oncogenes in this ‘passage’ is well known, the role of ion transporters in this critical step is less known and is fundamental to our understanding the early physiological processes of carcinogenesis. Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics leading to a reversal of the normal tissue intracellular to extracellular pH gradient (ΔpH i to ΔpH e ). When this perturbation in pH dynamics occurs during carcinogenesis is less clear. Very early studies using the introduction of different oncogene proteins into cells observed a concordance between neoplastic transformation and a cytoplasmic alkalinization occurring concomitantly with a shift towards glycolysis in the presence of oxygen, i.e. ‘Warburg metabolism’. These processes may instigate a vicious cycle that drives later progression towards fully developed cancer where the reversed pH gradient becomes ever more pronounced. This review presents our understanding of the role of pH and the NHE1 in driving transformation, in determining the first appearance of the cancer ‘hallmark’ characteristics and how the use of pharmacological approaches targeting pH/NHE1 may open up new avenues for efficient treatments even during the first steps of cancer development.

scholarly journals The Role of Acidosis in the Pathogenesis of Severe Forms of COVID-19

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Yury D. Nechipurenko ◽  
Denis A. Semyonov ◽  
Igor A. Lavrinenko ◽  
Denis A. Lagutkin ◽  
Evgenii A. Generalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Protective Antibodies

COVID-19 has specific characteristics that distinguish this disease from many other infections. We suggest that the pathogenesis of severe forms of COVID-19 can be associated with acidosis. This review article discusses several mechanisms potentially linking the damaging effects of COVID-19 with acidosis and shows the existence of a vicious cycle between the development of hypoxia and acidosis in COVID-19 patients. At the early stages of the disease, inflammation, difficulty in gas exchange in the lungs and thrombosis collectively contribute to the onset of acidosis. In accordance with the Verigo-Bohr effect, a decrease in blood pH leads to a decrease in oxygen saturation, which contributes to the exacerbation of acidosis and results in a deterioration of the patient’s condition. A decrease in pH can also cause conformational changes in the S-protein of the virus and thus lead to a decrease in the affinity and avidity of protective antibodies. Hypoxia and acidosis lead to dysregulation of the immune system and multidirectional pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions, resulting in the development of a “cytokine storm”. In this review, we highlight the potential importance of supporting normal blood pH as an approach to COVID-19 therapy.

scholarly journals Role of Vamana Karma (Emesis) in Jeerna Vatika Pratishyaya (Chronic Rhinosinusitis) - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjal H Bhatt ◽  
Hemang U Raghavani ◽  
Kishor G Satani ◽  
Haridra C Dave
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Ayurvedic Treatment

Pratishyaya (rhinosinusitis) is very difficult to treat as it happens with Sadhya Janak Nidana (sudden causative factor) also. Many times rapid and sudden onset is seen in Pratishyaya after exposure to even a weak causative factor.  If this vicious cycle of Nidana (causative factor) and Roga (disease) continues and if treatment is neglected the Roga becomes Jeerna(chronic). At this stage it becomes necessary to cure the disease with Shodhana (purification) therapy rather Shaman (curative) therapy. In this type of chronic cases we can get good results with only Vamana Karma (emesis therapy). In modern medicine conservative management is the first choice and if the disease is not managed by it, they prefer surgery to maintain the drainage and ventilation of the sinuses. Vamana Karma with or without Nasya (nasal instillation) can give complete improvement in such cases. The burden and risks of surgery can be avoided and the quality of the patient’s life can be improved with Ayurvedic treatment.

scholarly journals Economic crisis and integration: Deconstructing social borders in Rhodes Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kimourtzis ◽  
Georgios Kokkinos ◽  
Ioannis V Papageorgiou ◽  
Ioannis F Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Instrumental Role

Greece has been the focus of the mass media because of the ongoing economic crisis and the mixed migration flows that use the country as entry point to Europe. Although conceptually different, both phenomena converge in a vicious cycle that triggers an othering process. The economic crisis transfers Greece from the geopolitical centre to the periphery making the country dependent on the external economic and political decision making. Nevertheless, apart from being at the border, Greece is also the border of Europe. Peripherality appoints to Greece an instrumental role for the management of migration. Boundaries as “thresholds” produce patters of inclusion and exclusion creating by that perceptions of the Self and the Other. To that extent, the instrumental role of Greece as consequence of its peripherisation amplifies locally an othering process. Based on a different function of borders and peripheries, namely the endorsement of antagonistic narratives, this article discusses potential interventions in that vicious cycle. A local cultural diversity in Rhodes, Greece, the Rhodian Muslim community has been the receiving end of diversity management policies with particular emphasis on education throughout the 20th century. The knowledge accumulated may support new efforts countering the othering process. ResumenGrecia se ha situado en el centro de atención de los medios de comunicación a causa de la actual crisis económica y de los flujos migratorios mixtos que utilizan el país como punto de entrada a Europa. Ambos fenómenos convergen en un círculo vicioso que desencadena un proceso de alterización. La crisis económica mueve a Grecia desde el centro geopolítico a la periferia, haciendola dependiente de la toma de decisiones económicas y políticas externas. Además de estar en la frontera, Grecia es también la frontera de Europa. La perifericidad le atribuye un papel instrumental en la gestión de la migración. Los límites como "umbrales" producen patrones de inclusión y exclusión que se crean por esa percepción de Sí mismo y del Otro. El papel instrumental de Grecia como consecuencia de su periferización amplifica localmente un proceso de alterización. Basado en una función diferente de las fronteras y las periferias, y con el respaldo de narrativas antagónicas, en este artículo se discuten posibles intervenciones en ese círculo vicioso. Una diversidad cultural local en Rodas (Grecia), la comunidad musulmana rodesa, ha sido la receptora de las políticas de gestión de la diversidad con particular énfasis en educación a través del siglo XX. El conocimiento acumulado puede respaldar nuevos esfuerzos para contrarrestar el proceso de alterización. 

scholarly journals RESTORING THE CAPACITY OF LEADERSHIP AS ROLE MODEL TO BUILD ANTI FRAUD CULTURE AND SYSTEM: A STUDY OF INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Roseline
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Role Model ◽  
National Development ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Question Mark ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

Fraud poses an enormous threat to all kinds of organizations worldwide, with its risks continue to increase in number and complexity. In Indonesia itself, rampant fraud and corruption still inflict our business climate and impede our national development ruthlessly. As the battle against fraud is evolving, the role of leadership is widely recognized as the crucial element in fraud management framework. Nonetheless, as much as many people’s trust towards leaders’ integrity seems to atrophy, whether leadership is still able to make a difference remains a big question mark. With its capacity crippled by a vicious cycle of fraud, the scope of leadership may be severely limited even if it were possible. For this reason, it is important to realize that the capacity of leadership needs to be restored in order to become role model in building anti-fraud culture and system. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore accounts of leadership, identify the impact of leadership on anti-fraud culture and system, describe the way fraud works in undermining the capacity of leadership, and finally to elaborate the solutions to restore the capacity of leadership as role model to build anti-fraud culture and system in an organization. To achieve these goals, the author delves into various literature, journals, books, reports, applicable laws and general principles of law, as well as conducts an empirical research through a survey. The survey was conducted with 358 respondents, of which the 142 are Indonesian citizen working in public sector, and 216 in private sector. Focusing on Indonesia, this research paper will reveal the current public perception towards leadership, unfold the real condition of leadership, discover an existing vicious cycle of fraud that entraps leaders, and proffer strategy to solve this problematic leadership issue.

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