scholarly journals Filovirus Strategies to Escape Antiviral Responses

2017 ◽  
pp. 293-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Olejnik ◽  
Adam J. Hume ◽  
Daisy W. Leung ◽  
Gaya K. Amarasinghe ◽  
Christopher F. Basler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Responses

scholarly journals Incoming HIV virion-derived Gag Spacer Peptide 2 (p1) is a target of effective CD8+ T cell antiviral responses

Cell Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 109103
Author(s):  
Hongbing Yang ◽  
Anuska Llano ◽  
Samandhy Cedeño ◽  
Annette von Delft ◽  
Angelica Corcuera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Antiviral Responses

scholarly journals Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3386
Author(s):  
Bart Spiesschaert ◽  
Katharina Angerer ◽  
John Park ◽  
Guido Wollmann
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Antiviral Immunity ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Small Molecule Therapeutics ◽  
Immunosuppressive Factors

The focus of treating cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increasingly shifted towards achieving efficacy through the induction and augmentation of an antitumor immune response. However, innate antiviral responses can limit the activity of many OVs within the tumor and several immunosuppressive factors can hamper any subsequent antitumor immune responses. In recent decades, numerous small molecule compounds that either inhibit the immunosuppressive features of tumor cells or antagonize antiviral immunity have been developed and tested for. Here we comprehensively review small molecule compounds that can achieve therapeutic synergy with OVs. We also elaborate on the mechanisms by which these treatments elicit anti-tumor effects as monotherapies and how these complement OV treatment.

scholarly journals Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (7) ◽  
pp. 1795-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar ◽  
Taro Kawai ◽  
Hiroki Kato ◽  
Shintaro Sato ◽  
Ken Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Deficient Mice

IFN-β promoter stimulator (IPS)-1 was recently identified as an adapter for retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda5), which recognize distinct RNA viruses. Here we show the critical role of IPS-1 in antiviral responses in vivo. IPS-1–deficient mice showed severe defects in both RIG-I– and Mda5-mediated induction of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines and were susceptible to RNA virus infection. RNA virus–induced interferon regulatory factor-3 and nuclear factor κB activation was also impaired in IPS-1–deficient cells. IPS-1, however, was not essential for the responses to either DNA virus or double-stranded B-DNA. Thus, IPS-1 is the sole adapter in both RIG-I and Mda5 signaling that mediates effective responses against a variety of RNA viruses.

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