The Appellate Body of the WTO: An International Court by Another Name

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-387
Author(s):  
Fernando Dias Simões
Keyword(s):  
Appellate Body ◽  
International Court

The Judicial Trilemma

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Dunoff ◽  
Mark A. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Court ◽  
The World

AbstractInternational tribunals confront a “Judicial Trilemma.” More specifically the states that design, and the judges that serve on, international courts face an interlocking series of tradeoffs among three core values: (1) judicial independence, the freedom of judges to decide cases on the facts and the law; (2) judicial accountability, structural checks on judicial authority found most prominently in international courts in reappointment and reelection processes; and (3) judicial transparency, mechanisms that permit the identification of individual judicial positions (such as through individual opinions and dissents). The Trilemma is that it is possible to maximize, at most, two of these three values. Drawing on interviews with current and former judges at leading international courts, this article unpacks the logic underlying the Judicial Trilemma, and traces the varied ways in which this logic manifests itself in the design and operation of the International Court of Justice, European Court of Human Rights, Court of Justice of the European Union, and the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body. The Judicial Trilemma does not identify an “ideal” court design. Rather it provides a framework that enables international actors to understand the inevitable tradeoffs that international courts confront, and thereby helps to ensure that these tradeoffs are made deliberately and with a richer appreciation of their implications.

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

UN INTERNATIONAL COURT PRACTICE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мадина Алиевна Умарова
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Court Practice

В статье анализируется практика Международного суда ООН, определяются проблемные аспекты его деятельности, обусловленные рядом проблем как правового, так и международного характера. The article analyzes the practice of the International Court of Justice of the United Nations, identifies the problematic aspects of its activities, due to a number of problems, both legal and international.

ADVISORY JURISDICTION OF THE UN INTERNATIONAL COURT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аниса Асламбековна Попанова
Keyword(s):  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
Emerging Issues

В Статуте Международного Суда ООН содержится положение о том, что в компетенцию Суда входит не только функция по разрешению любого рода международных споров, возникающих между двумя и более государствами, но и функция по предоставлению консультаций по любым возникающим вопросам международного характера. В статье автором предпринята попытка по ее всестороннему анализу. The Statute of the UN International Court of Justice contains a provision that the competence of the Court includes not only the function of resolving any kind of international disputes arising between two or more states, but also the function of providing advice on any emerging issues of an international nature. In the article, the author made an attempt to comprehensively analyze it.

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