scholarly journals Adenosine, Caffeine, and Performance: From Cognitive Neuroscience of Sleep to Sleep Pharmacogenetics

2014 ◽  
pp. 331-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Urry ◽  
Hans-Peter Landolt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
And Performance

Mental models, (de)compressions, and the actor’s process in body-swap movies

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-409
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Number Of Publications

Abstract The body-swap comedy, where someone finds themselves inhabiting an entirely different body, is a well-established Hollywood tradition. Crucially, American filmmakers have tried every twist and contortion of this genre premise at a point or another over the past few decades. And yet, other countries, such as Egypt, Japan, and South Africa, seem to have just now put different spins on the theme. Nevertheless, this genre is under-theorized and under-explored. Drawing on insights from blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), mental models (van Dijk 2014), and the actor’s process as described by, among others, Stanislavsky (1995, 2008) and Brecht (1964, 1970), this article provides cognitively plausible answers to the perennial questions: What is so funny in body-swap films? How do spectators make sense of this genre? How do blending processes operate in body-swap movies? Do spectators “live in the blend?” What patterns of compression or decompression are at work in body-swap templates? Can humor be a strong determiner of moral-political cognition? And what connections can be drawn between acting and cognitive neuroscience? A discussion of English and Arabic examples (i) points to some of the cultural concepts involved in body-swap films, (ii) shows how conceptual blending in humorous films serves to both perpetuate and modify culturally relevant concepts, and (iii) highlights the necessity to expand the current scope in compression, embodiment and identity research. More generally, then, this article presents a new cognitive theory of how cinema, television, or theatre communicates meaning. The most important aim of this study is thus to contribute to the small but growing number of publications that use the cognitive sciences to inform scholarly and practical explorations in theatre and performance studies, as well as to the study of Arab theatre and cinema, which are among the most neglected subjects in the field.

scholarly journals Active Experiencing in Postdramatic Performance: Affective Memory and Quarantine Theatre's Wallflower

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Tracy Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Senior Lecturer ◽  
Performance Traditions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The University

Postdramatic approaches to performance and Stanislavsky's methodology seemingly occupy divergent performance traditions. Nonetheless, both traditions often require performers to mine their own lives (albeit to different ends) and operate in an experiential realm that demands responsiveness to and within the live moment of performing. Tracy Crossley explores this realm through an analysis of Quarantine Theatre's Wallflower (2015), an example of postdramatic practice that blends a poetics of failure with a psycho - physical dramaturgical approach that can be aligned with Stanislavsky's concepts of affective memory and active analysis.Wallflower provides a useful case study of practice that challenges the binary opposition between the dramatic and postdramatic prevalent in theatre and performance studies scholarship. Aspects of Stanislavsky's system, nuanced by cognitive neuroscience, can expand the theorization of postdramatic theatre, which in turn generates techniques that can prove valuable in the rehearsal of dramatic theatre itself. Tracy Crossley is a Senior Lecturer in Theatre and Performance at the University of Salford, Manchester. She is currently developing a practical handbook, Making Postdramatic Theatre, for Digital Theatre Plus.

scholarly journals Brain Modularity Mediates the Relation between Task Complexity and Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1532-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhai Yue ◽  
Randi C. Martin ◽  
Simon Fischer-Baum ◽  
Aurora I. Ramos-Nuñez ◽  
Fengdan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Brain

Recent work in cognitive neuroscience has focused on analyzing the brain as a network, rather than as a collection of independent regions. Prior studies taking this approach have found that individual differences in the degree of modularity of the brain network relate to performance on cognitive tasks. However, inconsistent results concerning the direction of this relationship have been obtained, with some tasks showing better performance as modularity increases and other tasks showing worse performance. A recent theoretical model [Chen, M., & Deem, M. W. 2015. Development of modularity in the neural activity of children's brains. Physical Biology, 12, 016009] suggests that these inconsistencies may be explained on the grounds that high-modularity networks favor performance on simple tasks whereas low-modularity networks favor performance on more complex tasks. The current study tests these predictions by relating modularity from resting-state fMRI to performance on a set of simple and complex behavioral tasks. Complex and simple tasks were defined on the basis of whether they did or did not draw on executive attention. Consistent with predictions, we found a negative correlation between individuals' modularity and their performance on a composite measure combining scores from the complex tasks but a positive correlation with performance on a composite measure combining scores from the simple tasks. These results and theory presented here provide a framework for linking measures of whole-brain organization from network neuroscience to cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Brain Modularity Mediates the Relation between Task Complexity and Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuhai Yue ◽  
Randi Martin ◽  
Simon Fischer-Baum ◽  
Aurora I. Ramos-Nuñez ◽  
Fengdan Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Brain

AbstractRecent work in cognitive neuroscience has focused on analyzing the brain as a network, rather than as a collection of independent regions. Prior studies taking this approach have found that individual differences in the degree of modularity of the brain network relate to performance on cognitive tasks. However, inconsistent results concerning the direction of this relationship have been obtained, with some tasks showing better performance as modularity increases and other tasks showing worse performance. A recent theoretical model (Chen & Deem, 2015) suggests that these inconsistencies may be explained on the grounds that high-modularity networks favor performance on simple tasks whereas low-modularity networks favor performance on more complex tasks. The current study tests these predictions by relating modularity from resting-state fMRI to performance on a set of simple and complex behavioral tasks. Complex and simple tasks were defined on the basis of whether they did or did not draw on executive attention. Consistent with predictions, we found a negative correlation between individuals’ modularity and their performance on a composite measure combining scores from the complex tasks but a positive correlation with performance on a composite measure combining scores from the simple tasks. These results and theory presented here provide a framework for linking measures of whole brain organization from network neuroscience to cognitive processing.

Magnetoencephalography and developmental cognitive neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin S. Dalmaijer ◽  
Alexander L. Anwyl-Irvine ◽  
Giacomo Bignardi ◽  
Olaf Hauk ◽  
Duncan E. Astle
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Study Child ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an exceptionally useful tool to study child development. It measures brain waves: fluctuations in the magnetic field around the head caused by changes in the local field potential of neuronal populations that fire in synchrony. MEG has a high-temporal resolution, and a reasonable degree of spatial precision. It offers insights into how the brain responds to events, how brain rhythms affect perception and performance, and how different areas talk to each other. In addition to its scientific benefits, MEG is safe, silent, and requires relatively little setup time. In this chapter, the authors outline the origins of the MEG signal, provide practical tips specific to testing children, and describe a wide variety of analysis methods.

Normocentric biases taint cognitive neuroscience and intervention of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Mottron
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Restricted Interests ◽  
Autistic People

Abstract Stepping away from a normocentric understanding of autism goes beyond questioning the supposed lack of social motivation of autistic people. It evokes subversion of the prevalence of intellectual disability even in non-verbal autism. It also challenges the perceived purposelessness of some restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, and instead interprets them as legitimate exploratory and learning-associated manifestations.

Cognitive gadgets and cognitive priors

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Domenico Iannetti ◽  
Giorgio Vallortigara
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Some of the foundations of Heyes’ radical reasoning seem to be based on a fractional selection of available evidence. Using an ethological perspective, we argue against Heyes’ rapid dismissal of innate cognitive instincts. Heyes’ use of fMRI studies of literacy to claim that culture assembles pieces of mental technology seems an example of incorrect reverse inferences and overlap theories pervasive in cognitive neuroscience.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document