Studying the Impact of Aging on Memory Systems: Contribution of Two Behavioral Models in the Mouse

2011 ◽  
pp. 67-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Marighetto ◽  
Laurent Brayda-Bruno ◽  
Nicole Etchamendy
Keyword(s):  
Memory Systems ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
The Impact

Shared and Distributed Team Cognition and Information Overload

2017 ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ellwart ◽  
Conny Herbert Antoni
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Knowledge Structures ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Team Mental Models ◽  
Team Research ◽  
Distributed Team ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses information overload (IO) from a team level perspective. Organizational team research underlines the importance of emergent knowledge structures in work groups, so-called team cognition. Two types of team cognition are introduced that are closely related to IO, namely shared team mental models and transactive memory systems. After a brief introduction of the concepts, empirical evidence about the impact of team cognition on dysfunctional IO as well as functional information exchange are presented. In the second part of the chapter, strategies and tools for adapting team cognition in high IO situations are introduced. The focus on team level constructs in IO research complements individual, technical, and organizational approaches to IO by underlining the importance of team knowledge structures in social systems.

scholarly journals Passenger Travel Time Reliability for Multimodal Public Transport Journeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Dixit ◽  
Ties Brands ◽  
Niels van Oort ◽  
Oded Cats ◽  
Serge Hoogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Buffer Time ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Departure Time Choice ◽  
Multiple Routes ◽  
The Impact

Urban transit networks typically consist of multiple modes and the journeys may involve a transfer within or across modes. Therefore, the passenger experience of travel time reliability is based on the whole journey experience including the transfers. Although the impact of transfers on reliability has been highlighted in the literature, the existing indicators either focus on unimodal transfers only or fail to include all components of travel time in reliability measurement. This study extends the existing “reliability buffer time” metric to transit journeys with multimodal transfers and develops a methodology to calculate it using a combination of smartcard and automatic vehicle location data. The developed methodology is applied to a real-life case study for the Amsterdam transit network consisting of bus, metro, and tram lines. By using a consistent method for all journeys in the network, reliability can be compared between different transit modes or between multiple routes for the same origin–destination pair. The developed metric can be used to study the reliability impacts of policies affecting multiple transit modes. It can also be used as an input to behavioral models such as mode, route, or departure time choice models.

Effect of Model Element Fidelity Within a Complex Function-Based Behavioral Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Hutcheson ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Function ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Formula Sae ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
The Impact

The Function-based Behavioral Modeling (FBBM) design tool was introduced in prior work as a means of using formal functional modeling as the foundation for creating detailed mathematical models of system behavior. The overall objective of this work is to create a framework for partitioning modeling efforts into functional elements and promoting model storage and re-use through the use of functional models. In prior work, the FBBM method was introduced to model the complete vehicle dynamics of a Formula SAE racecar, highlighting the representation of functionality and the development of behavioral models. The objective of the work presented in the current paper is to demonstrate the ability to incorporate models of varying fidelity within a function-based behavioral model of a complex system. Additionally, the impact of model fidelity on the model’s predictions is addressed. A previously developed model is used as a foundation for developing the necessary new models and illustrating the impact of model fidelity on performance predictions when selecting a tire during early design. The results illustrate that the FBBM framework allows models of varying fidelity to be quickly made and their effect on predicted performance to be measured in order to assist critical early design choices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Perceived Subgroup Formation on Transactive Memory Systems and Performance in Distributed Teams

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yide Shen ◽  
Michael J. Gallivan ◽  
Xinlin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Distributed Teams ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

With distributed teams becoming increasingly common in organizations, improving their performance is a critical challenge for both practitioners and researchers. This research examines how group members' perception of subgroup formation affects team performance in fully distributed teams. The authors propose that individual members' perception about the presence of subgroups within the team has a negative effect on team performance, which manifests itself through decreases in a team's transactive memory system (TMS). Using data from 154 members of 41 fully distributed teams (where no group members were colocated), the authors found that members' perceptions of the existence of subgroups impair the team's TMS and its overall performance. They found these effects to be statistically significant. In addition, decreases in a group's TMS partially mediate the effect of perceived subgroup formation on team performance. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for managerial action, as well as for researchers, and they propose directions for future research.

A Study on the Operation Strategies for Bottom Otter Trawling in Ise Bay

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Nakamura ◽  
Shota Suzuki ◽  
Shigeru Tabeta
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Ise Bay ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Conger Eel ◽  
The Impact

In order to simulate the bottom trawl fishery in Ise Bay, a typical semi-enclosed bay in Japan, a fishery simulator has been developed that consists of a fish behavioral model and a fishing operations model. The fish behavioral models are developed for two major target species, conger eel and mantis shrimp, which consider the fish migration as well as the growth and the population change. The fish behavioral models are combined with a fishing operation model, which predicts the behavior of trawling boats based on economic conditions and resource distribution as well as the fish catch amount by each boat. The model is applied to evaluate the effects of fishery management, and it is investigated that how the control of fishing efforts or number of owned fishing boats affects the profit of the target fishery. The mesh size of the trawling net which maximizes the total catch is estimated considering both conger eel and mantis shrimp. At the target ports, reduction of boats number will increase the profit because the effect of fixed cost change exceeds the impact of fish catch decrease. However, the optimum reduction rate is different in each port and interactive effect should be also considered.

scholarly journals Positive reward prediction errors strengthen incidental memory encoding

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony I. Jang ◽  
Matthew R. Nassar ◽  
Daniel G. Dillon ◽  
Michael J. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Reward Prediction Error ◽  
Reward Prediction ◽  
Incidental Memory ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe dopamine system is thought to provide a reward prediction error signal that facilitates reinforcement learning and reward-based choice in corticostriatal circuits. While it is believed that similar prediction error signals are also provided to temporal lobe memory systems, the impact of such signals on episodic memory encoding has not been fully characterized. Here we develop an incidental memory paradigm that allows us to 1) estimate the influence of reward prediction errors on the formation of episodic memories, 2) dissociate this influence from other factors such as surprise and uncertainty, 3) test the degree to which this influence depends on temporal correspondence between prediction error and memoranda presentation, and 4) determine the extent to which this influence is consolidation-dependent. We find that when choosing to gamble for potential rewards during a primary decision making task, people encode incidental memoranda more strongly even though they are not aware that their memory will be subsequently probed. Moreover, this strengthened encoding scales with the reward prediction error, and not overall reward, experienced selectively at the time of memoranda presentation (and not before or after). Finally, this strengthened encoding is identifiable within a few minutes and is not substantially enhanced after twenty-four hours, indicating that it is not consolidation-dependent. These results suggest a computationally and temporally specific role for putative dopaminergic reward prediction error signaling in memory formation.

scholarly journals Play and Learn 3D (PAL3D®) A collaborative Way of Learning Project Management with Minecraft®

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Claudia Alcelay
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Learning Patterns ◽  
Corrective Measures ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
The Impact

This is an amazing way of learning about Project Management (PM) and developing managerial skills with a team in "extreme" circumstances. Plan you project in teams, calculate budget and time requirements, introduce this data in our App and play Minecraft® in our server. App and server are connected so the student will always know the impact of his/her performance and will introduce corrective measures if required, with consensus with the team. Teachers can analyze their learning patterns and infer behavioral models.

scholarly journals Predicting age of atheism: Credibility enhancing displays and religious importance, choice, and conflict in family upbringing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adam Langston ◽  
David Speed ◽  
Thomas Joseph Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Important Variable ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Institutional Variables ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Religious Importance ◽  
Religious Transmission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Learning Concept

The cultural learning concept of Credibility Enhancing Displays (CREDs) concerns the extent to which behavioral models consistently live out their professed ideals. While researchers have suggested that past CRED exposure is an important variable for predicting who does and does not become a religious believer, it is unclear how CREDs relate to when a person rejects the religious beliefs modelled to them during their upbringing. Using a large sample of formerly believing atheists, two analyses assessed the ability of CREDs to predict the age at which an individual became an atheist. In the first analysis (n = 5,153), CREDs were positively associated with a delay in Age of Atheism, with family-level religious variables (Religious Importance, Religious Choice, and Religious Conflict) moderating this relationship. In the second analysis (n = 3,210), CREDs remained a stable predictor of Age of Atheism while controlling for demographics, parental quality, religious variables, relational variables, and institutional variables. Overall, while findings support a robust relation of CREDs to atheistic outcomes even when controlling for many other variables that influence religious transmission processes, they also highlight the importance of considering how such other variables modify the impact of CREDs on (non)religious outcomes.

Investor Myopia and the Momentum Premium across International Equity Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2465-2490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Docherty ◽  
Gareth Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
International Equity Markets ◽  
Short Run ◽  
International Equity ◽  
Agency Issues ◽  
Funds Management ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
The Impact

Myopic investors focus on short-run price changes rather than long-term fundamental value, resulting in an overweighting of public information and a slow diffusion of fundamental news. Such processing of information can produce price drifts similar to those seen in behavioral models of momentum. We explore the impact of myopia over an international sample, finding that momentum is stronger in more myopic countries, and this relationship is magnified where the proportion of funds under delegated management is high. We therefore argue that investor myopia, which arises due to agency issues in delegated funds management, is an important determinant of momentum.

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