In Situ Exposure of Aquatic Invertebrates to Detect the Effects of Point and Nonpoint Source-Related Chemical Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Bundschuh ◽  
Ralf Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
In Situ Exposure

scholarly journals Modern condition and analysis of anthropogenous-climatic transformation of vegetation of lakes of the northern Steppe land

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Roshchyna
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Floodplain Lakes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Adventive Species ◽  
Higher Aquatic Vegetation

In this article, the current and former distribution of higher aquatic vegetation has been analyzed for floodplain lakes, arenas lakes and third terraces lakes in the valleys of large and medium North-Steppe Dnieper rivers. The article is devoted to the current state analysis of the higher aquatic vegetation at North-Steppe Dnieper lakes, its dynamics over a long-term period, as well as the determination of the nature and extent of anthropogenic-climatic changes in vegetation. Anthropogenic influence is a major threat to the development and functioning of most aquatic ecosystems. Since the twentieth century, it has been intensified by trends to long-term climate changes, which are also largely result of human activity. Increasing temperature of the winter season does not contribute to snow accumulation. Reduction of snow accumulation (frequent thaws during the winter), regulation of river flow (formation of a reservoirs cascade and ponds) and accumulation of melt water in artificial reservoirs led to the smoothing of the peak of the spring flood. Thus, the factor that provided spring washing of floodplain lakes, limited their overgrowing by air-water vegetation and their waterlogging disappeared. The anthropogenic factors that influence negatively include: intensification of agriculture, plowing of coastal areas, unreasonable land reclamation, overgrazing, development of transport and engineering infrastructure, urbanization, recreation, and chemical pollution. The presented data was obtained on the basis of processing our own research materials of 2009–2018 and literary and archival materials analysis (the herbarium of the Dnipropetrovs’k National University and the archive of the Research Institute of Biology). Natural Northern Steppe Dnieper lakes are located mainly in river valleys, so the study area was conventionally divided into sections: the large river valley (Dnieper) and the middle rivers valleys (Samara and Orel). Three ecological groups of macrophytes were reviewed and compared: hydatofites (submerged species), pleistophytes (species with floating leaves) and helophytes (air-water species). The vegetation of Dnieper floodplain lakes practically did not change for all three formation groups. The number of immersed plants communities within the floodplains of medium-sized rivers has decreased by three. The pleistophytes and helophytes associations decreased to fragments of associations. The lakes vegetation within the sandy Dnieper terrace practically did not change for all three formation groups. The submerged lakes plants associations within the sandy medium-sized rivers terraces have been reduced by two. As part of the lakes vegetation on the Dnipro saline terraces, fragments of associations of the two species are considered extinct. A new association of southern adventive species Ruppia maritima L. has appeared within the limits of the middle rivers saline terrace. Changes in higher aquatic vegetation are characteristic of all types of lakes. Changes occur in the direction of crowding out higher aquatic vegetation communities by airborne plant communities. The consequence of the anthropogenic-climatic transformation of aquatic ecosystems is increased mineralization, siltation, and, as a result, intensive overgrowing of lakes by aboriginal and adventive species with a wide ecological amplitude (replacement of sensitive to environmental changes species).

scholarly journals Modulation of Expression of Epidermal Langerhans Cell Properties Following in Situ Exposure to Glucocorticosteroids

1983 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Berman ◽  
Dennis S. France ◽  
Giorgio P. Martinelli ◽  
Ada Hass
Keyword(s):  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
In Situ Exposure

In Situ Chemotaxis Assay to Examine Microbial Behavior in Aquatic Ecosystems

10.3791/61062 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle E. Clerc ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Raina ◽  
Bennett S. Lambert ◽  
Justin Seymour ◽  
Roman Stocker
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chemotaxis Assay

Multiple biomarker responses in Prochilodus lineatus subjected to short-term in situ exposure to streams from agricultural areas in Southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 542 ◽  
pp. 44-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Delfino Vieira ◽  
Patrícia Gomes Costa ◽  
Bruna Lunardelli ◽  
Luciana Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Liziara da Costa Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
In Situ Exposure

scholarly journals Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Vivien ◽  
Carmen Casado-Martínez ◽  
Michel Lafont ◽  
Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Probable Effect Level ◽  
Threshold Effect Level ◽  
Probable Effect ◽  
Effect Level

Aquatic oligochaetes, comprising a large number of species showing various degrees of resistance to chemical pollution, are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediments’ quality. In the Geneva area (Switzerland), oligochaete tools were previously tested for assessing the biological quality of stream sediments, and effect thresholds of combined metals (quotients) in sediments were defined. The aims of the present study were to update this previous work with new data acquired in different cantons of Switzerland and to establish effect thresholds on oligochaete communities for individual metals and for combined metals. The oligochaete metrics “Oligochaete index of sediment bioindication (IOBS)”, “oligochaete density” and “percentage of tubificids without hair setae” proved pertinent for assessing the effects of metals and organic matter in sediments. We established a threshold effect level (TELoligo) and probable effect level (PELoligo) for eight metals in sediments (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) as well as a probable effect level for these metals combined (mPELoligo-Q). These thresholds could be used directly to screen for alteration of in situ communities restricted to sediments and/or for establishing sediment quality standards based on a combination of different biological and ecotoxicological tools.

Vascular permeability alterations induced by arsenic

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Chen ◽  
Ming-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Hsiu-Jen Wang ◽  
Hsin-Su Yu ◽  
Louis W Chang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Vascular Leakage ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
India Ink ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Situ Exposure

The impact of arsenic on the integrity of blood vessels in vivo via in situ exposure (local injection) of arsenic was investigated. Vascular permeability changes were evaluated by means of the Evans blue assay and the India ink tracer techniques. Rats were intravenously injected with Evans blue followed by intradermal injections of various doses of sodium arsenite on the back skins of the animals. Evans blue at different time points was extracted and assayed as indices of vascular leakage. Skin at various time point injection sites was sampled for arsenic measurement via graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Our time course study with Evans blue technique demonstrated a biphasic pattern of vascular permeability change: an early phase of permeability reduction and a later phase of permeability promotion at all dose levels tested. The India ink tracer technique also demonstrated a time-correlated increase in vascular labelling in the tissues examined, signifying an increase in vascular leakage with time. Moreover, we found that despite an early increase in tissue arsenic content at time of injection, tissue arsenic declined rapidly and returned to near control levels after 30-60 min. Thus, an inverse correlation between tissue arsenic content and the extent of vascular permeability was apparent. This study provides the first demonstration that in situ exposure to arsenic will produce vascular dysfunction (vascular leakage) in vivo.

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