Islet Autoantibody Analysis: Radioimmunoassays

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Wyatt ◽  
Alistair J. K. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Islet Autoantibody

Activation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells is synchronous to islet autoantibody seroconversion and shows an IFNγ signature

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kühn ◽  
AK Heninger ◽  
A Eugster ◽  
S Dietz ◽  
C Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Islet Autoantibody

243-OR: Integrating Genetic Risk Score and Islet Autoantibody Characteristics in the Predictive Model for Type 1 Diabetes in the TrialNet Study

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 243-OR
Author(s):  
LAURIC A. FERRAT ◽  
ANDREA STECK ◽  
HEMANG M. PARIKH ◽  
LU YOU ◽  
SUNA ONENGUT-GUMUSCU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Islet Autoantibody

scholarly journals Stratification of Type 1 Diabetes Risk on the Basis of Islet Autoantibody Characteristics

Diabetes ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Achenbach ◽  
K. Warncke ◽  
J. Reiter ◽  
H. E. Naserke ◽  
A. J.K. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Islet Autoantibody

scholarly journals An Age-Related Exponential Decline in the Risk of Multiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Bonifacio ◽  
Andreas Weiß ◽  
Christiane Winkler ◽  
Markus Hippich ◽  
Marian J. Rewers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Islet Autoantibodies ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Islet Autoantibody ◽  
Age Related ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Exponential Decline ◽  
Design And Methods

<b>Objective</b>. Islet autoimmunity develops prior to clinical type 1 diabetes and includes multiple and single autoantibody phenotypes. The objective was to determine age-related risks of islet autoantibodies that reflect etiology and improve screening for pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes. <p><b>Research Design and Methods</b>. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study prospectively followed 8,556 genetically at-risk children at 3–6-month intervals from birth for the development of islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes. The age-related change in the risk of developing islet autoantibodies was determined using landmark and regression models. </p> <p><b>Results</b>. The 5-year risk of developing multiple islet autoantibodies was 4.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.8–4.7) at 7.5 months of age and declined to 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.8–1.3) at a landmark age of 6.25 years (<i>P</i><0.0001). Risk decline was slight or absent in single insulin- and GAD-autoantibody phenotypes. The influence of sex, <i>HLA</i> and other susceptibility genes on risk subsided with increasing age and was abrogated by age six years. Highest sensitivity and positive predictive value of multiple islet autoantibody phenotypes for type 1 diabetes was achieved by autoantibody screening at 2 years and again at 5–7 years of age. </p> <p><b>Conclusions</b>. The risk of developing islet autoimmunity declines exponentially with age and the influence of major genetic factors on this risk is limited to the first few years of life. </p>

scholarly journals Islet autoantibody markers in IDDM: risk assessment strategies yielding high sensitivity

Diabetologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 816-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonifacio ◽  
S. Genovese ◽  
S. Braghi ◽  
E. Bazzigaluppi ◽  
Y. Lampasona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Islet Autoantibody ◽  
Assessment Strategies

scholarly journals Progression from islet autoimmunity to clinical type 1 diabetes is influenced by genetic factors: results from the prospective TEDDY study

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Beyerlein ◽  
Ezio Bonifacio ◽  
Kendra Vehik ◽  
Markus Hippich ◽  
Christiane Winkler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Islet Autoantibody ◽  
Clinical Type

BackgroundProgression time from islet autoimmunity to clinical type 1 diabetes is highly variable and the extent that genetic factors contribute is unknown.MethodsIn 341 islet autoantibody-positive children with the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR3/DR4-DQ8 or the HLA DR4-DQ8/DR4-DQ8 genotype from the prospective TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study, we investigated whether a genetic risk score that had previously been shown to predict islet autoimmunity is also associated with disease progression.ResultsIslet autoantibody-positive children with a genetic risk score in the lowest quartile had a slower progression from single to multiple autoantibodies (p=0.018), from single autoantibodies to diabetes (p=0.004), and by trend from multiple islet autoantibodies to diabetes (p=0.06). In a Cox proportional hazards analysis, faster progression was associated with an increased genetic risk score independently of HLA genotype (HR for progression from multiple autoantibodies to type 1 diabetes, 1.27, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.58 per unit increase), an earlier age of islet autoantibody development (HR, 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.81 per year increase in age) and female sex (HR, 1.94, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.93).ConclusionsGenetic risk scores may be used to identify islet autoantibody-positive children with high-risk HLA genotypes who have a slow rate of progression to subsequent stages of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.

158-LB: A Complete-Panel Islet Autoantibody Multiplex ECL Assay

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 158-LB
Author(s):  
LING HE ◽  
XIAOFAN JIA ◽  
DONGMEI MIAO ◽  
CRISTY GENO RASMUSSEN ◽  
MARIAN REWERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Islet Autoantibody

scholarly journals What Have Slow Progressors Taught Us About T1D—Mind the Gap!

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Gillespie ◽  
Anna E. Long
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Islet Autoantibody ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Slow Progressors

Abstract Purpose of Review Progression rate from islet autoimmunity to clinical diabetes is unpredictable. In this review, we focus on an intriguing group of slow progressors who have high-risk islet autoantibody profiles but some remain diabetes free for decades. Recent Findings Birth cohort studies show that islet autoimmunity presents early in life and approximately 70% of individuals with multiple islet autoantibodies develop clinical symptoms of diabetes within 10 years. Some “at risk” individuals however progress very slowly. Recent genetic studies confirm that approximately half of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is diagnosed in adulthood. This creates a conundrum; slow progressors cannot account for the number of cases diagnosed in the adult population. Summary There is a large “gap” in our understanding of the pathogenesis of adult onset T1D and a need for longitudinal studies to determine whether there are “at risk” adults in the general population; some of whom are rapid and some slow adult progressors.

A strategy to find gene combinations that identify children who progress rapidly to type 1 diabetes after islet autoantibody seroconversion

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Bonifacio ◽  
Jan Krumsiek ◽  
Christiane Winkler ◽  
Fabian J. Theis ◽  
Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Islet Autoantibody
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