Phytoplankton Community of Small Rivers of the Pregolya River Basin

2017 ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Lange
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Small Rivers

The main principles and results of pollution monitoring of sediments in the river basin

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
B. Korzhenevsky ◽  
Gleb Tolkachev ◽  
Nikolay Kolomiycev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Volga River Basin ◽  
Ivankovo Reservoir ◽  
Selection Of

The problems of modern geological ecology associated with the study of pollution of sediments of water bodies by heavy metals are considered. The Volga River basin is quite heterogeneous, both in geomorphological and hydrological terms, and in thechnogenical development and usage. A fourrank taxonomy is presented for the selection of sites for monitoring, based on a combination of natural, landscape, climatic and thechnogenical factors. To the largest – the highest taxon – sites of the Ist category – bowls of reservoirs with the slopes and the urban zones, industrial and agricultural structures located within them are carried. Within these areas are allocated to smaller taxa, areas category IInd are the industrial and urban zones, areas category IIIrd are the small rivers without significant contamination and areas category IVth to conduct special observations. The examples of special observations in the study of the annual migration of heavy metals in the system «bottom sediments – water column» on the Ivankovo reservoir are highlighted. The investigations were carried out under the conditions of the standard flow rate for this reservoir and in the conditions of slow water exchange.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton community of a polymictic reservoir, La Plata River basin, Uruguay

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. PÉREZ ◽  
S. BONILLA ◽  
G. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Phytoplankton Composition ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
La Plata ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution ◽  
Aulacoseira Granulata

This paper deals with the analysis of phytoplankton composition and abundance from four sampling stations at the polymictic system, Rincón del Bonete water reservoir in Uruguay. Sampling data were obtained in 4 seasonal periods between February and November 1993. A hundred and twenty-four taxa were identified, where Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima (Muller) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis, (Muller) Simon., A. cf. ambigua, (Grun.) Simon., A. cf.. distans (Ehrenb.) Simon., Cryptomonas spp. and Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, were always present. Phytoplankton abundance fluctuated between 29 (autumn) and 2129 (summer) ind/ml. The general dominance of Aulacoseira spp. could be related to the polymictic condition of the system. In cold months phytoplankton distribution was homogeneous among sampling stations, while in warm months, spatial heterogeneity was detected, suggesting that sampling stations can behave as independent compartments.

Spatial analysis of the landscape structure of the river basin on the basis of remote sensing data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Shutov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Inland River ◽  
Main River ◽  
Absolute Height ◽  
River Valleys

<p>The aim of the study is the spatial analysis of the structure of the river basin in identifying anthropogenic-transformed landscapes. The object of the study is the water catchment basin of the «Yayva» river, which is a left, mountain-taiga tributary of the «Kama» river and flows in the Perm region, in the Russian Federation. The river basin covers an area of km<sup>2 </sup> 6502, long main river, 304 km, the average slope of the basin 1,85<sup>0</sup>, height difference is significant and is 687 meters. the Catchment has a high degree of ruggedness of 0.91 km/km2. The sharp asymmetry of the catchment basin is expressed, so the left part of the basin is more pronounced.</p><p>With the use of remote sensing satellite images with high spatial resolution Landsat – 8 and Sentinel – 2, based on digital elevation model and GIS tools identify the types of land cover of the basin. In the ArcGis 10.4 software environment, morphometric indicators of the river basin at the level of small rivers are determined. The map of the basin territorial structure is developed on the basis of a vector relief model with a section height of 25 meters. The areas of morphological elements of river basins are unevenly distributed over the absolute height and slope of the terrain, causing spatial heterogeneity of landscape structures.</p><p>In the zones of the sources of watercourses, water-collecting funnels of a rounded shape are formed, the boundaries of which are clearly deciphered from space images. In the direction from the mouth to the source along the main river, the average absolute height of the terrain increases from 170 to 540 meters, the height differences also increase, while the area of the catchment funnels increases from 0.04 km<sup>2</sup> to 13.4 km<sup>2</sup>.</p><p>On well-drained slopes with average humidity, fern spruce-fir forests are represented, and on wet slopes and areas with temporary watercourses, sparse high-forest taiga and raw horsetail spruce forests are developed. Also, waterlogging is manifested in flat areas with poorly developed river network, where drainage is insufficient, so in the lower reaches of the basin, the wide valley of the river is swamped.</p><p>For each morphological element of the catchment area, a characteristic type of vegetation is determined. The most common wetland landscapes are confined to catchment funnels (37%), which is especially pronounced in mountainous conditions (upper reaches of the basin at an altitude of 500 meters or more); less wetlands (17%) occur in inland river valleys.</p><p>Transformed landscapes (cuttings and secondary forests) are confined to the upper parts of the slopes of the catchment surface (14%) and arcs of the watershed system (10%). The largest share of urbanized areas corresponds to inland river valleys (3%). Areal dynamics of anthropogenically transformed landscapes is determined. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of vegetation cover, the growth of the area of cuttings, secondary forests and anthropogenic objects that form the basins of river systems was established.</p><p>The work was carried out with the financial support of The Russian Foundation for basic research No. 19-05-00363 A.</p>

scholarly journals A GIS Framework for Fish Habitat Prediction at the River Basin Scale

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia S. Meixler ◽  
Mark B. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Distribution ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Stream Quality ◽  
Landscape Attributes

We present a geographic information system (GIS) framework to classify stream habitats and provide fish distribution predictions comprehensively at the landscape scale. Stream segments were classified into one of eighteen habitat types using three landscape attributes: stream size (three categories), stream quality (three categories), and water quality (two categories). An extensive literature search was undertaken to classify fish species into the same eighteen habitat types based on preferences for the three landscape attributes. We tested our framework in 39 sites throughout the upper Allegheny River basin in western New York. No difference was detected between observed and predicted numbers of fish species among stream habitats. Further, field collected bankfull width measurements, stream quality ratings, and water quality sampling results were largely consistent with predicted values. The habitat type expected to have the greatest fish species richness was large streams or small rivers with intact stream quality and suitable water quality. Our framework is rapidly applied, comprehensive, inexpensive, and built on widely available data thereby offering an efficient alternative to traditional field-based efforts for regional habitat classification and fish distribution prediction.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF EARLY SLAVIC SETTLEMENT STRUCTURES BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE EXPLORATION OF MONUMENTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM IN THE BASIN OF THE HORYN RIVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
B. A. Pryshchepa
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Natural Diversity ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Natural Boundaries

The processes of Slavic settlement between the Dnipro and the Carpathians in the early Middle Ages have been studied unevenly. Scientists characterized them based on the materials from Eastern Volhynia, Northern Bukovina, and Eastern Podillia. New archaeological sources obtained during the research of the monuments of the second half of the first millennium in the basin of the Horyn River allow us to trace the dynamics of the settlement of ancient Slavs in certain micro-regions and the formation of early medieval settlement structures, and the influence of various factors on these processes. In its flow, the river passes different landscapes and physical and geographical zones in terms, and such natural diversity had a corresponding effect on the processes of settlement. In total, about 300 settlements of the early Slavs have been explored in the region. The comparison of data from different chronological stages indicates a significant increase in their number, from 38 in the 6—7th centuries to 262 in the 10th century, that is, in 6.9 times. The peculiarity of the placement of early Slavic settlements in the Horyn River basin was their concentration within the Volhynian Upland (over 85 % of all settlements of the Raikovets culture are located here) and the weak population of Volhynian Polissia. Beginning from the 6—7th centuries the formation of individual nests of settlements can be observed in Volhynian Upland. In the basins of small rivers and streams, the nests of settlements are easier to outline, because they, as a rule, have distinct natural boundaries on the watersheds. According to the materials of the Raikovets culture, the nests of settlements are better detected at the final stage of its development in the late 9—10th centuries. At this time, they can be distinguished not only by the concentration of unfortified settlements, but also by the fortifications and burial mounds. The archaeological sources of the 8—10th centuries allow to allocate the nests of settlements in the whole territory of the Volhynian Upland and along the Horyn River within Volhynian Polissia. Their area is determined by the size of the basins of small rivers and streams from 25 to 60 square kilometers. Gradually, the number of settlements in individual nests increased; in the 10th century, on the Volhynian Upland they counted from 4 to 11. The structure of such nests became more complicated, fortifications appeared, and burial mounds were formed. Territorial groups of the settlements of the same age, along with their resource base in the form of agricultural lands, pastures, forests, etc., according to the researchers, are the archaeological equivalent of the Slavic community.

scholarly journals Special Aspects of Water Resources Use and Assessment of Anthropogenic Load in the Chumysh River Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Novosibirsk Oblast ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Kemerovo Oblast ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

With the lack of initial information for assessment of anthropogenic load in the medium and small rivers’ basins, we proposed a method of spatial analysis of direct and indirect impacts on water bodies. The method enables comparative assessment of the contribution of direct and indirect loads using the indices of demographic, industrial, agricultural and transport development of municipalities located in the river basin. The evaluation is to be carried with the Chumysh basin as a study case; it involves three adjacent regions, in particular, a coal-mining Kemerovo Oblast, agricultural Altai Krai and industrial Novosibirsk Oblast. The results show that direct impact is most significant in the municipalities of Kemerovo oblast. The indirect impact contributes greatly to the total anthropogenic load within the municipalities of Altai Krai. The recommendations are to use the results of the assessment for the development of environment and water-protective measures.

scholarly journals The ecological characteristics of small rivers in the Shilka river basin by zoobenthos organisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 962 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
S M Kazikina
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Column ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

Abstract Zoobenthos organisms are directly related to the biogeochemical processes occurring at the bottom and in the water column of the channel. The paper presents the results of studies of the quantitative characteristics of the zoobenthos and the water quality of small rivers in the river basin of Shilka in the area of gold mining enterprises.

scholarly journals Estimating the Surface Area of Small Rivers in the Southwestern Amazon and Their Role in CO2 Outgassing

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima F. L. Rasera ◽  
Maria Victoria R. Ballester ◽  
Alex V. Krusche ◽  
Cleber Salimon ◽  
Letícia A. Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
River Network ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Recent Estimate

Abstract A recent estimate of CO2 outgassing from Amazonian wetlands suggests that an order of magnitude more CO2 leaves rivers through gas exchange with the atmosphere than is exported to the ocean as organic plus inorganic carbon. However, the contribution of smaller rivers is still poorly understood, mainly because of limitations in mapping their spatial extent. Considering that the largest extension of the Amazon River network is composed of small rivers, the authors’ objective was to elucidate their role in air–water CO2 exchange by developing a geographic information system (GIS)-based model to calculate the surface area covered by rivers with channels less than 100 m wide, combined with estimated CO2 outgassing rates at the Ji-Paraná River basin, in the western Amazon. Estimated CO2 outgassing was the main carbon export pathway for this river basin, totaling 289 Gg C yr−1, about 2.4 times the amount of carbon exported as dissolved inorganic carbon (121 Gg C yr−1) and 1.6 times the dissolved organic carbon export (185 Gg C yr−1). The relationships established here between drainage area and channel width provide a new model for determining small river surface area, allowing regional extrapolations of air–water gas exchange. Applying this model to the entire Amazon River network of channels less than 100 m wide (third to fifth order), the authors calculate that the surface area of small rivers is 0.3 ± 0.05 million km2, and it is potentially evading to the atmosphere 170 ± 42 Tg C yr−1 as CO2. Therefore, these ecosystems play an important role in the regional carbon balance.

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