The Energetic Balance of Microbial Exploitation of Pelagic Redox Gradients

2011 ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jost ◽  
F. Pollehne
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Redox Gradients

Delayed mortality of males in Thylamys bruchi, a semelparous marsupial from the Monte Desert, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Soledad Albanese ◽  
Ricardo A Ojeda ◽  
Andrea A Astié
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Monte Desert ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Delayed Mortality ◽  
Favorable Period ◽  
Capture Techniques

Abstract Male-only obligate semelparity is a well-studied reproductive strategy in some Australian marsupials. This strategy has not been documented in South American species, although semelparity in both sexes occurs in some Neotropical didelphids. The fat-tailed mouse opossum, Thylamys bruchi, is an endemic species of the temperate Monte Desert, in Argentina. Seasonality and predictability of resources are two of the attributes associated with habitats where marsupial semelparity has evolved, and both are characteristic of the Monte Desert. We aimed to characterize the life-history strategy of T. bruchi to explore if it can be considered a semelparous species. We studied a fat-tailed mouse opossum population for 7 years with two different capture techniques (Sherman traps and nest boxes). Thylamys bruchi showed strong seasonality in abundance, with the highest captures during summer and autumn. Reproduction and weaning coincided with the most favorable period of the year with respect to climate and resource availability. Every year we observed a single cohort with little overlap until weaning of young. After breeding, all adults disappeared from the population; however, unlike any other didelphids, males showed delayed mortality and died, along with females, after weaning. We found no evidence of survival to a second breeding season for either sex. We therefore propose T. bruchi as a desert-dwelling marsupial with a semelparous reproductive strategy. Because the severity of winters may be acting as an important constraint on the energetic balance of adults in this population, we propose that challenging climatic conditions, coupled with the seasonality and high predictability of food resources, may have contributed to the evolution of the extreme reproductive strategy in this didelphid marsupial.

scholarly journals Tubular precipitation and redox gradients on a bubbling template

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (32) ◽  
pp. 11537-11541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Stone ◽  
R. E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Redox Gradients

Packing Structure of OTS on Silicon Surfaces: A Computational Approach

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barriga ◽  
B. Coto ◽  
B. Ferna´ndez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayer ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Optimal Packing ◽  
Packing Structure ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Main Factors

Optimal packing structure of Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) adsorbed on a SiO2 surface with a Si (100) substrate was studied performing molecular dynamics (MD) computational simulations. Molecular substitution, substitution pattern and molecular orientation of the OTS molecules on the SiO2 (100) are the main factors studied in order to determine the optimal packing structure taking into account energetic balance. We have used the optimal packing structure to study other properties usually used to characterize SAMs as molecular and system tilt angles, film thickness and gauche defects. These properties and monolayer stability were studied performing MD simulations in a temperature range from 100 K to 600 K and we found that results obtained agree with those from experimental measurements. We found that OTS films are stable up to 500 K. The optimal structure obtained could be used in further MD simulations studies in order to determine tribological properties of OTS-SiO2 systems.

Biological nutrient removal wastewater treatments and sewage sludge anaerobic mesophilic digestion performances

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bolzonella ◽  
L. Innocenti ◽  
F. Cecchi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Mesophilic Digestion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Energy Balances

The paper deals with the performances of the mesophilic anaerobic digestion treatment of sewage sludge from a full scale BNR process without primary settling (nominally 300,000 PE). A relation between the activated sludge observed yields, Yobs, and the anaerobic digester performance was preliminarily found: for values of Yobs of 0.25 kgVSS/kgCOD the anaerobic digester specific gas production showed the best performances (0.22 m3/kgVSfed). This has to be confirmed with wider future studies. It was also shown the level of sludge pre-thickening to be reached for the self-sustaining warming of the digester also in wintertime. According to the energetic balance and to a comparison with an aerobic stabilisation process, it was pointed out as when a co-generation unit for heat and energy production was introduced about 3.4 kWh/PE y of energy were produced in the anaerobic digestion process. On the other hand, 4.3 kWh/PE y were spent if an aerobic stabilisation process was applied. The economic assessment, carried out on the basis of the energy balances, showed that the anaerobic digestion is always economically advantageous if compared to aerobic stabilisation processes, also for small WWTPs. According to the energetic evaluations an environmental balance was assessed, in terms of CO2 emissions. The difference between anaerobic and aerobic processes was about 5.3 kgCO2/PE y in favour of anaerobic processes application.

scholarly journals Low protein diet changes the energetic balance and sympathetic activity in brown adipose tissue of growing rats

Nutrition ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suélem Aparecida de França ◽  
Maísa Pavani dos Santos ◽  
Maria Antonieta Rissato Garófalo ◽  
Luiz Carlos Navegantes ◽  
Isis do Carmo Kettelhut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Energetic Balance
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