Regional Activity and Spread of Influenza Viruses in Poland in the Context of Neighboring Countries in the Epidemic Season 2017–2018: An Epidemiological Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
K. Szymański ◽  
K. Łuniewska ◽  
E. Hallmann-Szelińska ◽  
R. Sałamatin ◽  
A. Masny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Regional Activity

scholarly journals MOLECULAR AND GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE AND NONSTRUCTURE PROTEINS OF PANDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUSES A(H1N1)PDM09 IN 2015-2016 EPIDEMIC SEASON

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O. Smutko ◽  
L. Radchenko ◽  
A. Mironenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

The aim of the present study was identifying of molecular and genetic changes in hemaglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and non-structure protein (NS1) genes of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, that circulated in Ukraine during 2015-2016 epidemic season. Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs from patients) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 7 software. 3D structures were constructed in Chimera 1.11.2rc software. Viruses were collected in 2015-2016 season fell into genetic group 6B and in two emerging subgroups, 6B.1 and 6B.2 by gene of HA and NA. Subgroups 6B.1 and 6B.2 are defined by the following amino acid substitutions. In the NS1 protein were identified new amino acid substitutions D2E, N48S, and E125D in 2015-2016 epidemic season. Specific changes were observed in HA protein antigenic sites, but viruses saved similarity to vaccine strain. NS1 protein acquired substitution associated with increased virulence of the influenza virus.

scholarly journals Infections Caused by Influenza Viruses Among Children in Poland During the 2017/18 Epidemic Season

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Łuniewska ◽  
K. Szymański ◽  
E. Hallmann-Szelińska ◽  
D. Kowalczyk ◽  
R. Sałamatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Season

scholarly journals Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers as a correlate of protection against influenza disease in the 2018/2019 epidemic season in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Hallmann-Szelińska ◽  
Karol Szymański ◽  
Katarzyna Łuniewska ◽  
Katarzyna Kondratiuk ◽  
Lidia Bernadeta Brydak
Keyword(s):  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Inhibition Antibody

The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in the seven age groups in the epidemic season 2018/2019 in Poland. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). 1050 clinical samples from all over the country were tested. The level of antibodies against influenza viruses was highest in the 10–14 age group for A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage antigens. These results confirm the circulation of four antigenically different influenza virus strains, two subtypes of influenza A virus – A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B virus – B/Colorado/06/2017 – Victoria lineage and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage.

scholarly journals Interplay between cost and effectiveness in influenza vaccine uptake: a vaccination game approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2232) ◽  
pp. 20190608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Rajib Arefin ◽  
Tanaka Masaki ◽  
K. M. Ariful Kabir ◽  
Jun Tanimoto
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Pre-emptive vaccination is regarded as one of the most protective measures to control influenza outbreak. There are mainly two types of influenza viruses—influenza A and B with several subtypes—that are commonly found to circulate among humans. The traditional trivalent (TIV) flu vaccine targets two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B. The quadrivalent (QIV) vaccine targets one extra B virus strain that ensures better protection against influenza; however, the use of QIV vaccine can be costly, hence impose an extra financial burden to society. This scenario might create a dilemma in choosing vaccine types at the individual level. This article endeavours to explain such a dilemma through the framework of a vaccination game, where individuals can opt for one of the three options: choose either of QIV or TIV vaccine or none. Our approach presumes a mean-field framework of a vaccination game in an infinite and well-mixed population, entangling the disease spreading process of influenza with the coevolution of two types of vaccination decision-making processes taking place before an epidemic season. We conduct a series of numerical simulations as an attempt to illustrate different scenarios. The framework has been validated by the so-called multi-agent simulation (MAS) approach.

Rational selection of hemagglutinin variants of H3N2 influenza viruses in preparation of live influenza vaccine strains to optimize growth characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Stepanova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Bazhenova ◽  
Elena V. Krutikova ◽  
Nataliya V. Larionova ◽  
Irina V. Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
Antigenic Properties

BACKGROUND: Up to date Russian live attenuated influenza vaccines are produced in developing chicken embryos. During passaging in embryos, the virus isolated from the human respiratory tract undergoes adaptation to the receptors in embryos. The population of the virus, at any passage in chicken embryos, is heterogeneous and contains variants of viruses with one or another set of adaptive substitutions. Before preparing the vaccine strain, the population of the epidemic virus is cloned and the genetic sequence of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase clones is analyzed. The growth characteristics of the vaccine strain and its antigenic properties depend on the correct choice of the variant of the virus. AIM: The aim of the study was to select the variant of the H3N2 subtype virus for the preparation of a vaccine reassortant based on data on the composition of the population and an assessment of its growth properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Viruses were cloned in developing chicken embryos, sequencing of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the clones was performed. On the basis of the clones selected based on the results of the analysis of the population, strains of a live influenza vaccine were obtained by the reassortment in the chicken embryos. The growth characteristics of the strains, the phenotype in eggs, and the antigenic properties by hemagglutination inhibition test were evaluated. RESULTS: The influenza virus A/Kansas/14/2017 recommended by WHO for the epidemic season 2019-2020 acquired a pair of D190N + N246T substitutions dominating in the population at the 7th passage in eggs. From the population of A/Kansas/14/2017-like strain A/Brisbane/34/2018, from the third passage in the eggs, it was possible to obtain a variant of the virus with substitutions G186V + S219Y in hemagglutinin. The growth characteristics of the strain based on A/Kansas/14/2017 (passage E7) were significantly inferior to the characteristics of the strain based on A/Brisbane/34/2018 (passage E3), in the absence of differences in antigenic properties. CONCLUSIONS: The variant of egg adaptation of hemagglutinin G186V in strains of clade 3c.3a is preferable for the preparation of live influenza vaccine strains; variant N246T is not optimal. When preparing strains, it is necessary to analyze the composition of the virus population by cloning and choose the most optimal option for preparing strains. The persistence of egg-adaptive substitutions in passaged variants of the virus is not always optimal for strains of live influenza vaccine, and therefore it is preferable to use the population as close as possible to the initial variant to start work on the strain.

Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
I. A. Malchikov ◽  
A. V. Slobodenyuk ◽  
I. V. Vyalykh ◽  
A. Yu. Markaran ◽  
Yu. V. Grigorieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

Circulation of influenza viruses in the epidemic season of 2018–2019 among people residing in Northern and Western Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
T.I. Glebova ◽  
◽  
N.G. Klivleyeva ◽  
A.M. Baimukhametova ◽  
N.T. Saktaganov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Type B ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serological Studies

Objective. Detection of influenza viruses among the population on the territory of the Northern and Western Kazakhstan during the 2018–2019 epidemic season. Patients and methods. The study involved 835 patients with ARVI symptoms. Biological samples were screened in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hemagglutinating agents were isolated in 9-10-day-old developing chicken embryos. Identification of isolates was carried out in RT-PCR and HAI assay. Results. 936 clinical samples (835 nasopharyngeal swabs and 101 blood serums) were collected from patients in the Northern (North Kazakhstan and Pavlodar oblasts) and Western (West Kazakhstan oblast) regions during the 2018–2019 epidemic season. Primary screening of 835 nasopharyngeal swabs revealed the genetic material of influenza virus in 20.48%, influenza A virus in 20.36%, and influenza B virus in 0.12%. Subtyping of PCR positive samples for influenza type A virus showed the presence of the genetic material of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 virus in 14.01%, A/H3N2 virus in 4.91%. The virus subtype was not established in 1.66%. Virological examination of nasopharyngeal swabs led to obtaining 14 isolates, of which 13 were identified as influenza A/H1N1pdm09 viruses and 1 as influenza A/H3N2 virus. Serological studies of 101 blood serums in the HAI assay showed the presence of antihemagglutinins against influenza A/H1N1pdm09 virus in 28.71%, A/H3N2 virus in 30.69%, type B virus in 3.96% of the total number of samples. Antibodies simultaneously against two subtypes of influenza viruses (A and B) were detected in 12.87% of cases. In ELISA antibodies against influenza A/H1N1 virus were revealed in 24.75% of cases, A/H3N2 virus in 19.80%, type B virus in 14.85%. Antibodies simultaneously against two types of influenza viruses (A and B) were detected in 2.97% of blood serums. Conclusion. The results of virological and serological studies presented in the paper suggest circulation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, and type B viruses in the examined oblasts of Kazakhstan during the 2018–2019 season. Key words: virus, hemagglutinin, influenza, diagnosis, isolate, neuraminidase, circulation

The molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses: a lesson from a highly epidemic season

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D'Agaro ◽  
T Rossi ◽  
P Burgnich ◽  
G D. Molin ◽  
N Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Season

scholarly journals Genotypic Variants of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Ukraine during the 2015/16 Influenza Season

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2125
Author(s):  
Oksana Zolotarova ◽  
Anna Fesenko ◽  
Olga Holubka ◽  
Larysa Radchenko ◽  
Eric Bortz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Increased Risk

Human type A influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 have caused seasonal epidemics of influenza since the 2009–2010 pandemic. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses had a leading role in the severe epidemic season of 2015/16 in the Northern Hemisphere and caused a high incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Ukraine. Serious complications of influenza-associated severe ARI (SARI) were observed in the very young and individuals at increased risk, and 391 fatal cases occurred in the 2015/16 epidemic season. We analyzed the genetic changes in the genomes of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses isolated from SARI cases in Ukraine during the 2015/16 season. The viral hemagglutinin (HA) fell in H1 group 6B.1 for all but four isolates, with known mutations affecting glycosylation, the Sa antigenic site (S162N in all 6B.1 isolates), or virulence (D222G/N in two isolates). Other mutations occurred in antigenic site Ca (A141P and S236P), and a subgroup of four strains were in group 6B.2, with potential alterations to antigenicity in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in 2015/16 in Ukraine. A cluster of Ukrainian isolates exhibited novel D2E and N48S mutations in the RNA binding domain, and E125D in the effector domain, of immune evasion nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The diverse spectrum of amino-acid substitutions in HA, NS1, and other viral proteins including nucleoprotein (NP) and the polymerase complex suggested the concurrent circulation of multiple lineages of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses in the human population in Ukraine, a country with low vaccination coverage, complicating public health measures against influenza.

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