Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review

2017 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Miłkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Popko ◽  
Urszula Demkow ◽  
Tomasz Wolańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Glial Cells and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines as Shared Neurobiological Bases for Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Judith A. Strong ◽  
Sang Won Jeon ◽  
Jun-Ming Zhang ◽  
Yong-Ku Kim
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

This chapter reviews the roles of cytokines and glial cells in chronic pain and in psychiatric disorders, especially depression. One important role of cytokines is in communicating between activated glia and neurons, at all levels of the nervous system. This process of neuroinflammation plays important roles in pain and depression. Cytokines may also directly regulate neuronal excitability. Many cytokines have been implicated in both pain and psychiatric disorders, including interleukin-1β‎ (IL-1β‎), tumor necrosis factor-α‎, and IL-6. More generally, an imbalance between type 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 2, anti-inflammatory cytokines has been implicated in both pain and psychiatric disorders. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system can contribute to both pain and psychiatric disorders, in part through its actions on inflammation and the cytokine profile.

ENDOGENOUS PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS DURING CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NEUTROPENIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Banning ◽  
C. Mauz-Körholz ◽  
Q. Muhammad ◽  
A. Kösser ◽  
A. E. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Chemotherapy Induced Neutropenia ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

19 Pro-inflammatory cytokines and childhood trauma in young people with emerging mental health difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. e15.2-e16
Author(s):  
I Allison ◽  
R Upthegrove
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Objectives/aimsElevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with a range of mental illnesses, and also with childhood trauma.1–4 Evidence suggests that inflammation occurring as a result of childhood trauma could play a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.5 6 However, previous research does not account for confounders, including psychotropic medication and illness duration, that may affect inflammation levels.7 The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and levels of inflammation in young people with emerging mental health disorders with confounding factors removed.Methods10 patients, aged 16–25, with a range of psychiatric disorders and no history of psychotropic medication were recruited from Birmingham mental health services, along with 16 healthy controls. Childhood trauma exposure was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and blood samples were analysed for serum concentrations of pro- inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β.ResultsThere was no significant difference in serum cytokines between patients and healthy controls, or those with and without childhood trauma (p>0.05). Post-hoc sample size calculations estimated 197 patients with and 197 without childhood trauma would be needed to detect a significant 2 pg/ml difference in cytokine levels (80% power, 5% significance). There was a weak positive, but non-significant, correlation between both cytokines and CTQ score in the patient group (rS=0.1–0.3, p>0.05). Multiple linear regression of CTQ score, sex and BMI found that none of these variables significantly predicted cytokine concentration in our population.ConclusionsThere is preliminary evidence of an association between childhood trauma and inflammation in patients with mental illness, but due to small sample size no definitive conclusions can be drawn from this data. Future research with a larger sample size and longitudinal approach would be beneficial in establishing whether a relationship exists independent of confounders.ReferencesGoldsmith DR, Rapaport MH, Miller BJ. A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatr. 2016; 21: 1696–1709.Upthegrove R, Manzanares-Teson N, Barnes NM. Cytokine function in medication-naive first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr. Res 2014; 155: 101–108.Baumeister D, Akhtar R, Ciufolini S, Pariante CM, Mondelli V. Childhood trauma and adulthood inflammation: a meta-analysis of peripheral C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. Mol Psychiatr 2016; 21: 642–649.Danese A, Baldwin JR. Hidden wounds? Inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology. Annu Rev of Psychol 2017; 68: 517–544.Upthegrove R, Barnes NM. The immune system and schizophrenia: an update for clinicians. BJPsych Adv 2014; 20: 83–91.Miller AH, Maletic V, Raison CL. Inflammation and its discontents: the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of major depression. Biol Psychiat 2009: 65; 732–741.Danese A, Pariante CM, Caspi A, Taylor A, Poulton R. Childhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:1319–1324.

Cytokine synergy, collagenases and cartilage collagen breakdown

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim E. Cawston ◽  
Jenny M. Milner ◽  
Jon B. Catterall ◽  
Andrew D. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Activator Protein ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

We have investigated proteinases that degrade cartilage collagen. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines act synergistically with oncastatin M to promote cartilage collagen resorption by the up-regulation and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The precise mechanisms are not known, but involve the up-regulation of c-fos, which binds to MMP promoters at a proximal activator protein-1 (AP-1) site. This markedly up-regulates transcription and leads to higher levels of active MMP proteins.

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