Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract in Preschool and School Age Children in Ambulatory Ear Nose Throat Practice

2015 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dzięciołowska-Baran ◽  
A. Gawlikowska-Sroka ◽  
M. Mularczyk
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Association of Schistosoma haematobium infection morbidity and severity on co-infections in pre-school age children living in a rural endemic area in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariro L. Mduluza-Jokonya ◽  
Thajasvarie Naicker ◽  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background Individuals living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking of schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and severity of coinfections in pre-school age children and further investigated associations between S. haematobium prevalence and under 5 mortality. Methods A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shamva District, Zimbabwe. Using random selection, 465 preschool age children (1–5 years of age) were enrolled through clinical examination by two independent clinicians for the following top morbidity causing conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. The conditions and their severe sequels were diagnosed as per approved WHO standards. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for conditions common in the study area which included HIV, tuberculosis, malnutrition and typhoid. Data was analysed using univariate and multinomial regression analysis and relative risk (RR) calculated. Results Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). The clinical conditions assessed had the following prevalence in the study population: upper respiratory tract infection 40% (229), fever of unknown origin 45% (189), dermatophytosis 18% and malaria 18% (75). The odds of co-infections observed with S. haematobium infection were: upper respiratory tract infection aOR = 1.22 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.87), dermatophytosis aOR = 4.79 (95% CI 2.78 to 8.25), fever of unknown origin aOR = 10.63 (95% CI 6.48–17.45) and malaria aOR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.51 to1.58). Effect of schistosomiasis coinfection on disease progression based on the odds of the diseases progressing to severe sequalae were: Severe pneumonia aOR = 8.41 (95% CI 3.09–22.93), p < 0.0001, complicated malaria aOR = 7.09 (95% CI 1.51–33.39), p = 0.02, severe dermatophytosis aOR = 20.3 (95% CI 4.78–83.20):p = 0.03, and fever of unknown origin aOR = 1.62 (95%CI 1.56–4.73), p = 0.02. Conclusion This study revealed an association between schistosomiasis and the comorbidity conditions of URTI, dermatophytosis, malaria and FUO in PSAC living in a schistosomiasis endemic area. A possible detrimental effect where coinfection led to severe sequels of the comorbidity conditions was demonstrated. Appropriate clinical diagnostic methods are required to identify associated infectious diseases and initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis and co-infections in PSAC.

scholarly journals Association of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic Area in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariro Lavender Mduluza-Joko ◽  
Thajasvarie Naicker ◽  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background: Individuals living in Schistosoma haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases, simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and effects of coinfections in pre-school age children and further investigated association between S. haematobium prevalence and under 5 mortality.Methods: Four hundred and sixty five Preschool age children (1-5 years old) with 51% being male were clinically examined for the following top morbidity causing conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. The conditions were diagnosed as per approved WHO standards. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for conditions common in the study area which included HIV, tuberculosis, malnutrition and typhoid. Results: Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). The clinical conditions assessed had the following prevalence in the study population: upper respiratory tract infection 40% (229), fever of unknown origin 45% (189), dermatophytosis and malaria both had 18% (75), The odds of co-infections observed with S. haematobium infection were: upper respiratory tract infection AOR = 1.22 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.87), dermatophytosis AOR = 4.79 ( 95% CI 2.78 to 8.25), fever of unknown origin AOR = 10.63 ( 95% CI 6.48-17.45) and malaria AOR = 0.91 ( 95% CI 0.51 to1.58). Relative risks of the severe sequels when coinfected were: Severe pneumonia RR=7.5 (95% CI 2.92-19.23), p<0.0001, complicated malaria RR=12 (95%CI 11.53-94.53), p=0.02, severe dermatophytosis RR=8.5 (95% CI 1.2-60.2):p=0.03, and fever of unknown origin RR=2.32 (95% CI 1.12-4.80), p=0.02.Conclusion: This study is novel as it identifies a possible association relationship between S. haematobium infection and top morbidity conditions in children under five years. There is need to alert policy makers so as to initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis in pre-school age children.

scholarly journals Association of S. haematobium Infection Morbidity and Severity on Co-infections status in Pre-school Age Children Living in a Rural Endemic  Area in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariro Lavender Mduluza-Joko ◽  
Thajasvarie Naicker ◽  
Luxwell Jokonya ◽  
Herald Midzi ◽  
Arthur Vengesai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background: Individuals living in S. haematobium endemic areas are often at risk of having other communicable diseases, simultaneously. This usually creates diagnostic difficulties leading to misdiagnosis and overlooking schistosomiasis infection. In this study we investigated the prevalence and effects of coinfections in pre-school age children.Methodology : About 465 Preschool age children were clinically examined for the following top morbidity conditions: respiratory tract infections, dermatophytosis, malaria and fever of unknown origin. S. haematobium infection was diagnosed by urine filtration and the children were screened for other communicable infections common in rural areas.Results : Prevalence of S. haematobium was 35% (145). A positive relationship between S. haematobium prevalence and under-5 mortality rate in Zimbabwean provinces was demonstrated. The odds of co-infections observed for S. haematobium were: upper respiratory tract infection AOR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.657 to 2.48), dermatophytosis AOR = 5.10 ( 95% CI 2.99 to 8.72), fever of unknown origin AOR = 9.07 ( 95% CI 5.70 to 14.44) and malaria AOR = 0.91 ( 95% CI 0.54 to1.54). The risk ratio of having S. haematobium and co-infections in children who had fever of unknown origin 138%, dermatophytosis 38%, Upper respiratory tract infection 1% increase risk and malaria had a 2% reduced risk. Odds of having severe sequelae following the above conditions were: severe pneumonia AOR = 8.41(95%CI 3.09-22.93), complicated malaria AOR = 7.09 (95% CI 1.51-33.39), severe and persistent dermatophytosis AOR=20.3 (95% CI 4.78-83.2) and seizures AOR=1.62 (95%CI 1.56-4.73).Conclusion : This study is novel as it identifies a possible causal relationship between S. haematobium infection and top morbidity conditions in children under five years. There is need to alert policy makers so as to initiate early treatment of schistosomiasis in pre-school age children.

Allergy of the Upper Respiratory Tract

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D. Clemis ◽  
Eugene L. Derlacki
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory
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