Functions of stress-activated MAP kinases in the immune response

2007 ◽  
pp. 261-281
Author(s):  
Mercedes Rincón ◽  
Roger J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Map Kinases

scholarly journals The Role of Map Kinases in Immune Response

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Krzyzowska ◽  
Weronika Swiatek ◽  
Beata Fijalkowska ◽  
Marek Niemialtowski ◽  
Ada Schollenberger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Signalling Network ◽  
Mapk Signalling ◽  
Biological Reaction

Summary The MAP kinases (MAPKs), including ERK, JNK and p38 families comprise part of the intracellular signalling network, which is essential for signal transduction from receptors and stimuli to the biological reaction. Activity of MAPKs plays a crucial role in normal functioning of the immune system. By taking part in cytokine production upon signalling from activated TLR receptors, MAPKs are involved in initiation of innate immunity and in responses to binding of cytokines by appropriate receptors. MAPKs activity is also important for T and B lymphocyte differentiation, by the ITAM signalling pathway. Moreover, their involvement in apoptosis supports lymphocyte T cytotoxicity and enables the removal of damaged, infected or transformed cells. Correct functioning of the MAPK signalling is crucial for effective immune response, and therefore MAPKs’ inhibitors constitute a promising therapeutic goal

scholarly journals Herpes simplex virus 1 evades cellular antiviral response by inducing microRNA-24, which attenuates STING synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009950
Author(s):  
Nikhil Sharma ◽  
Chenyao Wang ◽  
Patricia Kessler ◽  
Ganes C. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Nodal Point ◽  
Type I ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Simplex Virus

STING is a nodal point for cellular innate immune response to microbial infections, autoimmunity and cancer; it triggers the synthesis of the antiviral proteins, type I interferons. Many DNA viruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1), trigger STING signaling causing inhibition of virus replication. Here, we report that HSV1 evades this antiviral immune response by inducing a cellular microRNA, miR-24, which binds to the 3’ untranslated region of STING mRNA and inhibits its translation. Expression of the gene encoding miR-24 is induced by the transcription factor AP1 and activated by MAP kinases in HSV1-infected cells. Introduction of exogenous miR-24 or prior activation of MAPKs, causes further enhancement of HSV1 replication in STING-expressing cells. Conversely, transfection of antimiR-24 inhibits virus replication in those cells. HSV1 infection of mice causes neuropathy and death; using two routes of infection, we demonstrated that intracranial injection of antimiR-24 alleviates both morbidity and mortality of the infected mice. Our studies reveal a new immune evasion strategy adopted by HSV1 through the regulation of STING and demonstrates that it can be exploited to enhance STING’s antiviral action.

scholarly journals A Conserved p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Regulates Drosophila Immunity Gene Expression

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3527-3539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Stanley Han ◽  
Hervé Enslen ◽  
Xiaodi Hu ◽  
Xiangjun Meng ◽  
I-Huan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
P38 Map Kinase ◽  
Insect Immunity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Peptide Gene ◽  
Kinase Pathway

ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence suggests that the insect and mammalian innate immune response is mediated by homologous regulatory components. Proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulate mammalian immunity by activating transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. One of the responses evoked by these stimuli is the initiation of a kinase cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase on Thr and Tyr within the motif Thr-Gly-Tyr, which is located within subdomain VIII. We have investigated the possible involvement of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in the Drosophila immune response. Two genes that are highly homologous to the mammalian p38 MAP kinase were molecularly cloned and characterized. Furthermore, genes that encode two novelDrosophila MAP kinase kinases, D-MKK3 and D-MKK4, were identified. D-MKK3 is an efficient activator of bothDrosophila p38 MAP kinases, while D-MKK4 is an activator of D-JNK but not D-p38. These data establish that Drosophilaindeed possesses a conserved p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway. We have examined the role of the D-p38 MAP kinases in the regulation of insect immunity. The results revealed that one of the functions of D-p38 is to attenuate antimicrobial peptide gene expression following exposure to lipopolysaccharide.

scholarly journals Bacterial Nucleotidyl Cyclase Inhibits the Host Innate Immune Response by Suppressing TAK1 Activation

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenxi He ◽  
Yilong Zhou ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Haipeng Liu ◽  
Hao Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response

ABSTRACT Exoenzyme Y (ExoY) is a type III secretion system effector found in 90% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Although it is known that ExoY is a soluble nucleotidyl cyclase that increases the cytoplasmic levels of nucleoside 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphates (cNMPs) to mediate endothelial Tau phosphorylation and permeability, its functional role in the innate immune response is still poorly understood. Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is critical for mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and subsequent activation of NF-κB and AP-1, which are transcriptional activators of innate immunity. Here, we report that ExoY inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production through suppressing the activation of TAK1 as well as downstream NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Mice infected with ExoY-deficient P. aeruginosa had higher levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), more neutrophil recruitment, and a lower bacterial load in lung tissue than mice infected with wild-type P. aeruginosa. Taken together, our findings identify a previously unknown mechanism by which P. aeruginosa ExoY inhibits the host innate immune response.

Humoral and cellular immune response to a crude exo-antigen and purified keratinase of Microsporum canis in experimentally infected guinea pigs

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Mignon ◽  
T. Leclipteux ◽  
CH. Focant ◽  
A. J. Nikkels ◽  
G. E. PIErard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract #418: Effect of Testosterone (T) Replacement with a T-Gel or a New Oral T Formulation (Rextoro) on Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Injury and Immune Response to Lipids

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Merrell Magelli ◽  
Ronald Swerdloff ◽  
John Amory ◽  
Gregory Flippo ◽  
Wael Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Endothelial Injury

Author response for "Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kronsteiner ◽  
Panjaporn Chaichana ◽  
Manutsanun Sumonwiriya ◽  
Kemajitra Jenjaroen ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Response Patterns

The humoral and cellular immune response of sheep against Borna disease virus in endemic and non-endemic areas

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Müller-Doblies ◽  
S. Baumann ◽  
P. Grob ◽  
A. Hülsmeier ◽  
U. Müller-Doblies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Borna Disease
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