Star Polymers with Tunable Attractions: Cluster Formation, Phase Separation, Reentrant Crystallization

2006 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Federica Lo Verso ◽  
Christos N. Likos ◽  
Luciano Reatto
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Star Polymers ◽  
Formation Phase

scholarly journals Multi-Step Concanavalin A Phase Separation and Early-Stage Nucleation Monitored Via Dynamic and Depolarized Light Scattering

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hévila Brognaro ◽  
Sven Falke ◽  
Celestin Nzanzu Mudogo ◽  
Christian Betzel
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Protein Crystallization ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Macromolecular Network

Protein phase separation and protein liquid cluster formation have been observed and analysed in protein crystallization experiments and, in recent years, have been reported more frequently, especially in studies related to membraneless organelles and protein cluster formation in cells. A detailed understanding about the phase separation process preceding liquid dense cluster formation will elucidate what has, so far, been poorly understood—despite intracellular crowding and phase separation being very common processes—and will also provide more insights into the early events of in vitro protein crystallization. In this context, the phase separation and crystallization kinetics of concanavalin A were analysed in detail, which applies simultaneous dynamic light scattering and depolarized dynamic light scattering to obtain insights into metastable intermediate states between the soluble phase and the crystalline form. A multi-step mechanism was identified for ConA phase separation, according to the resultant ACF decay, acquired after an increase in the concentration of the crowding agent until a metastable ConA gel intermediate between the soluble and final crystalline phases was observed. The obtained results also revealed that ConA is trapped in a macromolecular network due to short-range intermolecular protein interactions and is unable to transform back into a non-ergodic solution.

scholarly journals Scalable Fabrication of 3D Structured Microparticles Using Induced Phase Separation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyung Lee ◽  
Joe de Rutte ◽  
Robert Dimatteo ◽  
Doyeon Koo ◽  
Dino Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Hollow Shell ◽  
Hydrogel Microparticles ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
Scalable Production ◽  
Formation Phase

Microparticles with defined shapes and spatial chemical modification can enable new opportunities to interface with cells and tissues at the cellular scale. However, conventional methods to fabricate shaped microparticles have trade-offs between the throughput of manufacture and precision of particle shape and chemical functionalization. Here, we achieved scalable production of hydrogel microparticles at rates of greater than 40 million/hour with localized surface chemistry using a parallelized step emulsification device and temperature-induced phase-separation. The approach harnesses a polymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin aqueous-two phase system (ATPS) which conditionally phase separates within microfluidically-generated droplets. Following droplet formation, phase separation is induced and phase separated droplets are subsequently crosslinked to form uniform crescent and hollow shell particles with gelatin functionalization on the boundary of the cavity. The gelatin localization enabled deterministic cell loading in nanoliter-sized crescent-shaped particles, which we refer to as nanovials, with cavity dimensions tuned to the size of cells. Loading on nanovials also imparted improved cell viability during analysis and sorting using standard fluorescence activated cell sorters, presumably by protecting cells from shear stress. This localization effect was further exploited to selectively functionalize capture antibodies to nanovial cavities enabling single-cell secretion assays with reduced cross-talk in a simplified format.

FORMATION, PHASE SEPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF PbF2-LaF3-ZrF4 SYSTEM GLASSES

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-449-C8-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Ji-jian ◽  
Bao Shan-zhi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Formation Phase

scholarly journals Cluster formation and phase separation in heteronuclear Janus dumbbells

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (23) ◽  
pp. 234101 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Munaò ◽  
P O'Toole ◽  
T S Hudson ◽  
D Costa ◽  
C Caccamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cluster Formation

Cluster Formation of 1-Butanol–Water Mixture Leading to Phase Separation

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Wakisaka ◽  
Shunsuke Mochizuki ◽  
Hitomi Kobara
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Water Mixture

Cluster formation and phase separation in mixtures of sodium κ-carrageenan and sodium caseinate

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merveille Nono ◽  
Lucie Lalouette ◽  
Dominique Durand ◽  
Taco Nicolai
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Sodium Caseinate

scholarly journals Solubility product constant directs the formation of biomolecular condensates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Chattaraj ◽  
Michael L. Blinov ◽  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Stochastic Network ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Solubility Product Constant ◽  
Concentration Threshold ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Liquid Liquid Phase Separation

AbstractBiomolecular condensates, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), are important cellular structures. Using stochastic network-free kinetic models, we establish a physical-chemical basis for the concentration threshold of heterotypic multivalent molecules required for LLPS. We associate phase separation with a bimodal partitioning of the cluster distribution into small oligomers vs. huge polymers. The simulations reveal that LLPS obeys the solubility product constant (Ksp): the product of monomer concentrations, accounting for ideal stoichiometries, does not exceed a threshold no matter how much additional monomer is added to the system – additional monomer is funneled into large clusters. The Ksp applies over a range of valencies and stoichiometries. However, consistent with the importance of disordered domains for LLPS, removing flexible linker domains funnels valency-matched monomers into a “dimer trap”, and Ksp no longer defines a threshold for large cluster formation. We propose Ksp as a new tool for elucidating biomolecular condensate biophysics.

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