scholarly journals Out of Control? Managing Baseline Variability in Experimental Studies with Control Groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Moser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Groups

An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Telephone Intervention in Reducing Absences and Improving Grades of College Freshmen

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Richie ◽  
David S. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
College Freshmen ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Telephone Intervention ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Southern University ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Excessive Absences

A telephone intervention to reduce student absences was implemented during the 2000–2001 academic year in freshmen English classes at a southern university. A total of 345 students were included in 2 experimental studies. Students in the intervention group who obtained more absences than allotted by class professors received telephone intervention, whereas students with excessive absences in the control group did not receive telephone intervention. Results revealed that students in the intervention groups had significantly fewer absences and higher grades ( p < .01) than students in the control groups during both semesters of the study. Also, more students in the intervention group were retained from the Spring 2001 semester to the Fall 2001 semester as compared to students in the control groups.

scholarly journals Comparing the effects of a mindfulness versus relaxation intervention on romantic relationship wellbeing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan C. Karremans ◽  
Gesa Kappen ◽  
Melanie Schellekens ◽  
Dominik Schoebi
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Relaxation Intervention ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Relaxation Exercises ◽  
Guided Relaxation

AbstractThere is increasing scientific interest in the potential association between mindfulness and romantic relationship wellbeing. To date, however, experimental studies using active control groups and testing dyadic effects (i.e. examining both actor and partner effects) are lacking. In the current study, romantically involved individuals engaged for 2 weeks daily in either guided mindfulness exercises, or guided relaxation exercises. Participants, and their partners, completed measures of relationship wellbeing at pre- and post-intervention, and at 1-month follow up. The mindfulness intervention significantly promoted relationship wellbeing, for both participants (i.e. actor effects) and their partners (i.e. partner effects). However, these findings did not significantly differ from changes in relationship wellbeing in the relaxation condition. Theoretical implications of these findings for understanding the association between mindfulness and romantic relationship wellbeing are discussed. Moreover, the findings are discussed in light of recent debates about the relative lack of proper control groups in mindfulness research.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effectiveness of Feminist Therapy with Sex Therapy Based Cbt on Sexual Intimacy in Betrayed Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bafandegan Vahid ◽  
◽  
Bagherpour Zahra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feminist Therapy ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The Present Study Aims to Comparison of the effectiveness of feminist therapy (FT) with sex therapy on sexual intimacy in female. This Study Was Typed of Experimental Studies with pre-test and Post-Test with Control Group. The Study Consisted of All woman Referred to the Counselling Centres in university Neyshabur City. A Sample of 36 People Was Selected Then Randomly Assigned to Two Experimental Groups and One Control Groups. The people inventory sexual intimacy Botlani (SII) Was Used for Data Collection Then Based on 12 Meetings 90 Minutes for the Experiment Groups. The PreTest and Post-Test Scores Were Analysed Using a Manova Test in the SPSS 20 Software. According to the Results of Showed feminist Therapy More Effect Than Other Experimental Group and Control Group (p≤0.001) so sex Therapy More Effect Than Control Group in Variable (p≤0.001). The conclusion is that the feminist therapy approach can be used to increase sexual intimacy in developing Muslim societies

scholarly journals Quercetin and curcumin effects in experimental pleural inflammation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bidian ◽  
Daniela-Rodica Mitrea ◽  
Olivia Gabriela Vasile ◽  
Adriana Filip ◽  
Adriana Florinela Cătoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Pathology ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Background. The inflammatory mechanisms occur with the highest prevalence in pulmonary pathology. In pharmaceutical industry, carrageenan is used as a pro-inflammatory agent when the activity of anti-inflammatory agents is tested. The oxidative stress represents the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants which can lead to the activation of the oxidative mechanisms with noxius potential to the body. In experimental studies, quercetin is the most active flavonoid, having the highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Curcumin has antioxidant effects that are similar to those of the standard antioxidants and exerts direct anti-inflammatory activity. Aims. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant effects of quercetin and curcumin on a carrageenan-induced pleural inflammation. Methods. Eight groups of adult male rats were used: Ia and Ib -control groups, IIa and IIb -with carrageenan administration, IIIa and IIIb -with curcumin and carrageenan, IVa and IVb -with quercetin and carrageenan administration. Blood and lung samples were taken at 4 hours (Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa groups) and at 24 hours (Ib, IIb, IIIb, IVb groups) after carrageenan administration. Results. In serum, at 4 and at 24 hours, curcumin and quercetin showed protective effects, reducing the oxidative stress (malondialdehyde significantly decreased) and stimulating the antioxidant protection (ceruloplasmin and glutathione significantly increased) in rats with administration of these substances, in comparison to the group that received only carrageenan. In the lungs, at 4 hours, the oxidative stress was significantly reduced only in the rats that received quercetin (malondialdehyde significantly decreased), modifications that were not observed at 24 hours.     Conclusions. In serum, curcumin presented higher antioxidant effects, compared to quercetin. In lungs, quercetin administration showed superior beneficial effects, but only temporarily.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Echinococcus multilocularis infections in cats

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Joe Prullage ◽  
Dwight Bowman ◽  
Michael Ulrich ◽  
Eric Tielemans
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Placebo Control Group

NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel, for the treatment of internal and external parasite infestations, including arthropods, nematodes and cestodes, was tested for efficacy against induced infections of Echinococcus multilocularis in cats, in two experimental studies. The two studies were performed in the United States with the same E. multilocularis isolate sourced locally. In each study, 20 cats were inoculated intra-gastrically with ~30,000 E. multilocularis protoscoleces three weeks before treatment, then ten cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to the novel formulation treated group. Inoculated cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. One week after treatment, cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. The efficacy calculation was based on comparison of number of scoleces found in the control group and the novel formulation group. In the two control groups, E. multilocularis scoleces were found in five (range: 30–1025) and eight (range 2–345) cats, the geometric means inclusive of the ten cats per group were 8.9 and 28.8, respectively. In the two novel formulation-treated groups, none of the cats harbored any E. multilocularis scoleces, demonstrating 100% efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effectiveness of feminist therapy with sex therapy Based CBT on sexual intimacy in Betrayed Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Bafandegan Vahid
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sex Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feminist Therapy ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

The Present Study Aims to Comparison of the effectiveness of feminist therapy (FT) with sex therapy on sexual intimacy in female. This Study Was Typed of Experimental Studies with pre- test and Post-Test with Control Group. The Study Consisted of All woman Referred to the Counselling Centres in university Neyshabur City. A Sample of 36 People Was Selected Then Randomly Assigned to Two Experimental Groups and One Control Groups. The people inventory sexual intimacy Botlani (SII) Was Used for Data Collection Then Based on 12 Meetings 90 Minutes for the Experiment Groups. The Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores Were Analysed Using a Manova Test in the SPSS 20 Software. According to the Results of Showed feminist Therapy More Effect Than Other Experimental Group and Control Group (p≤0.001) so sex Therapy More Effect Than Control Group in Variable (p≤0.001). The conclusion is that the feminist therapy approach can be used to increase sexual intimacy in developing Muslim societies.

A Historical Perspective on the Use of Randomized Trials in Social Science Settings

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

Similar to medicine, social science has historically grappled with controlling for chance and bias in assessing the effectiveness of interventions. Questions about what works and how to evaluate the evidence underlie all areas of policy intervention. In the early years of the 20th century, social science in North America developed an established tradition of quantitative sociology that included experimental studies. This was followed by a number of social experiments from the 1960s to the 1980s. The history of prospective experimental studies with control groups applied to the social domain contains important lessons for experimental social science in the 21st century.

Histomorphometric study on effects of monosodium glutamate in liver tissue of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Reddy ◽  
Joy A. K. Ghoshal ◽  
Sankaran PK ◽  
Ganesh N. Trivedi ◽  
Kondam Ambareesha
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
Histochemical Observation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objectives Thousands of food additives are being used by the food industries in ready to eat packed food. These food additives act as either preservatives or enhancers of palatability. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a sodium salt of glutamic acid is a widely used food additive for enhancing taste. It gives the unique taste to the food called “Umami” or “Savory taste”, which is different from four primary tastes namely, sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. The current experimental study was investigated by dose-related effects of MSG on adult Wistar rats using histological and histomorphometric techniques. Methods Twenty-eight adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups i.e.; one control and three experimental groups. Rats were administered orally with different doses of MSG to the experimental groups and distilled water to the control groups consecutively for 45 days. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and tissues were collected for the examination. Results Histomorphometric data of the nuclei diameter of hepatocytes showed significant variation between control and experimental groups. Less PAS-positive material found in a higher dose of MSG-induced rats in histochemical observation. Conclusions One of the challenges of the problem of animal experimental studies is the application of results to human dietary intake of MSG. Based on the dose-dependent findings of the current study; it is evident that the administration of MSG is hepatotoxic in adult Wistar rats.

Expansive and Contractive Postures and Movement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Motor Displays on Affective and Behavioral Responses

2020 ◽  
pp. 174569162091935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Elkjær ◽  
Mai B. Mikkelsen ◽  
Johannes Michalak ◽  
Douglas S. Mennin ◽  
Mia S. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Meta Analyses

This review and meta-analysis explores the experimental effects of expansive and contractive motor displays on affective, hormonal, and behavioral responses. Experimental studies were located through systematic literature searches. Studies had to manipulate motor displays to either expansive or contractive displays and investigate the effect of the displays on affect, hormones, or overt behavior. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine the pooled, standardized mean differences between the effects of motor displays on affective, hormonal, and behavioral responses. From 5,819 unique records, 73 relevant studies were identified. Robust differences between expansive and contractive displays emerged for affective responses and overt behavioral responses across contexts, type of manipulation, and methods of measurement. The results suggest that the effects are driven by the absence of contractive motor displays (contractive vs. neutral displays: Hedges’s g = 0.45) rather than the presence of expansive displays (expansive vs. neutral displays: g = 0.06). The findings stand as a corrective to previous research, as they indicate that it is the absence of contractive displays rather than the presence of expansive displays that alters affective and behavioral responding. Future research should include neutral control groups, use different methods to assess hormonal change, and investigate these effects in the context of ideographic goals.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficiency of Sepranol and Cefamethrin Use in Postpartum Acute Endometritis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1874-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samat R. Yusupov ◽  
Sergey Yu. Smolentsev ◽  
Zoya G. Churina ◽  
Galiya R. Yusupova ◽  
Alfis R. Hasanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
And Control

In the recent times, postpartum inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs in cows are considered as a typical infectious pathology. The main reason is an increase in the pathogenicity of conditionally pathogenic micro flora against the weakening of the natural resistance of the animal. The postpartum acute endometritis is diagnosed as the most common among the postpartum inflammatory diseases.  It is observed in 22.5...38.4% of calving cows. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of preparations of plant based Sepranol and Cefamethrin in the pharmacotherapy of­ postpartum acute endometritis in cows. Experimental studies were carried out on the basis of the SEC collective farm Niva of Medvedevsky district of the Mari El Republic. The clinical­ evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the proposed drugs in­ combination with other therapeutic methods were carried out in a comparative aspect in scientific and economic experiment with the separation of cows according to the principle of analogues into experimental and control groups under the same conditions of their feeding­, keeping, and exploitation. The main criterion for assessing the therapeutic effectiveness of the­ tested drugs was the restoration of their reproductive function in experimental animals in the shortest time possible. Studies have shown that for postpartum acute endometritis, the use of complex treatment with­ Сefamethrin at a dose of 80 ml intrauterine with a 48-hour interval before­ recovery allowed­ to obtain a therapeutic effect up to 96%, reduce the number of infertility days,­ and increase the fertility percentage.

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