Pediatric Pharmacotherapy: Anthelminthic Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 339-362
Author(s):  
Jill E. Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Anthelminthic Treatment

Acquisition of resistance after continuous infection with Ascaridia galli in chickens

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 1603-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. FERDUSHY ◽  
T. W. SCHOU ◽  
L. R. NORUP ◽  
T. S. DALGAARD ◽  
S. M. THAMSBORG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment ◽  
Establishment Rate

SUMMARYAcquired resistance against Ascaridia galli infection was studied in seventy-two 18-week-old white Leghorn chickens allocated to six groups (G1–G6). In order to understand the population dynamics following trickle-infection (100 eggs per chicken twice weekly), chickens of subgroups of G1 were necropsied 3 days after 1, 6 or 12 inoculations (G1A, G1B and G1C respectively), while G2–G4 were inoculated for 6 weeks. G2 was necropsied 4 weeks after the last inoculation. The number of established larvae increased initially (between G1A and G1B) but decreased after repeated inoculations (G1C, G2). G3, G4 and G5 were used to measure the efficacy of anthelminthic treatment and to monitor the acquisition of resistance following a challenge infection. At week 7 G3, G4 and G5 were treated with flubendazole for 7 days in the feed. Two weeks after treatment the chickens in G4 and G5 were challenged with 500 eggs. G6 was left as uninfected control. Necropsy at week 10 after first inoculation revealed a lower establishment rate, an impaired development and a more posterior localization of the larvae in G4 (trickle-infected-treated-challenged) compared with G5 (treated-challenged). IgY level in serum reached noticeable level at 14 dpi in G2 and G4 chickens, and in G4 chickens IgY level further increased after challenge infection. The study provides evidence that acquired resistance against A. galli in chickens leads to a significant yet incomplete protection against re-infection.

Human Ascariasis: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Amy A.M. Leung ◽  
Alex H.C. Wong ◽  
Kam L. Hon
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Biliary Colic ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis

Background: Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminthic infection. More than 1.2 billion people have ascariasis worldwide. Objective: This article aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of ascariasis. Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in February 2020 in Clinical Queries using the key terms “ascariasis” OR "Ascaris lumbricoides". The search strategy included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews published within the past 10 years. The search was restricted to the English literature. The information retrieved from the above search was used in the compilation of the present article. Patents were searched using the key term “ascariasis” OR "Ascaris lumbricoides" in www.freepatentsonline.com. Results: Ascaris lumbricoides is transmitted through ingestion of embryonated eggs from fecal-contaminated material. Ascariasis has high endemicity in tropical and subtropical areas. Predisposing factors include poverty, poor sanitation, inadequate sewage disposal, and poor personal hygiene. The prevalence is greatest in children younger than 5 years of age. The majority of patients with intestinal ascariasis are asymptomatic. For those with symptoms, anorexia, nausea, bloating, abdominal discomfort, recurrent abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and intermittent diarrhea are not uncommon. Other clinical manifestations vary widely, depending on the underlying complications. Complications include Löeffler syndrome, intestinal obstruction, biliary colic, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, cholecystitis, acalculous cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and malnutrition. The diagnosis is best established by microscopic examination of fecal smears or following concentration techniques for the characteristic ova. Patients with A. lumbricoides infection warrant anthelminthic treatment, even if they are asymptomatic, to prevent complications from migration of the parasite. Albendazole and mebendazole are the drugs of choice for children and nonpregnant individuals with ascariasis. Pregnant women with ascariasis should be treated with pyrantel pamoate. Recent patents related to the management of ascariasis are also discussed. Conclusion: The average cure rate with anthelminthic treatment is over 95%. Unfortunately, most treated patients in endemic areas become re-infected within months. Health education, personal hygiene, improved sanitary conditions, proper disposal of human excreta, and discontinuing the use of human fecal matter as a fertilizer are effective long-term preventive measures. Targeting deworming treatment and mass anthelminthic treatment should be considered in regions where A. lumbricoides is prevalent.

scholarly journals Low Dose Daily Iron Supplementation Improves Iron Status and Appetite but Not Anemia, whereas Quarterly Anthelminthic Treatment Improves Growth, Appetite and Anemia in Zanzibari Preschool Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Stoltzfus ◽  
Hababu M. Chway ◽  
Antonio Montresor ◽  
James M. Tielsch ◽  
Jape Khatib Jape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment

scholarly journals Impact of Anthelminthic Treatment in Pregnancy and Childhood on Immunisations, Infections and Eczema in Childhood: A Randomised Controlled Trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e50325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Ndibazza ◽  
Harriet Mpairwe ◽  
Emily L. Webb ◽  
Patrice A. Mawa ◽  
Margaret Nampijja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Worm Infections and Anthelminthic Treatment during Pregnancy on Infant Motor and Neurocognitive Functioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Nampijja ◽  
Barbara Apule ◽  
Swaib Lule ◽  
Hellen Akurut ◽  
Lawrence Muhangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Neurocognitive Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment ◽  
Mansonella Perstans

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that maternal worm infections in pregnancy affect infant motor and neurocognitive development, and that anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy can reverse these effects. We used measures which examine infant motor, cognitive and executive function, including inhibition. We assessed 983 Ugandan infants aged 15 months, using locally appropriate measures within the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study, a trial of anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy. Key exposures were maternal worm infections and anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy. Effects of other health and social factors were controlled for statistically. Of the five major worm species found in the pregnant women, two had influences on the developmental measures: Maternal Mansonella perstans and Strongyloides stercoralis infections showed negative associations with the A-not B-task, and Language, respectively. Performance on other psychomotor and cognitive measures was associated with illnesses during infancy and infants’ behavior during assessment, but not with maternal worm infections. There were no positive effects of maternal anthelminthic treatment on infant abilities. Mansonella perstans and Strongyloides stercoralis infection during pregnancy seem associated with impaired early executive function and language, respectively, but single-dose anthelminthic treatment during pregnancy was not beneficial. The biological mechanisms that could underlie these neurocognitive effects are discussed. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1019–1030)

scholarly journals Effect of Repeated Anthelminthic Treatment on Malaria in School Children in Kenya: A Randomized, Open-Label, Equivalence Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Kepha ◽  
Fred Nuwaha ◽  
Birgit Nikolay ◽  
Paul Gichuki ◽  
Charles S. Mwandawiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Equivalence Trial ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment

scholarly journals Coprological study on intestinal helminths in Swiss dogs: temporal aspects of anthelminthic treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sager ◽  
Ch. Steiner Moret ◽  
F. Grimm ◽  
P. Deplazes ◽  
M. G. Doherr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Anthelminthic Treatment ◽  
Temporal Aspects
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document