UDCA, NorUDCA, and TUDCA in Liver Diseases: A Review of Their Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cabrera ◽  
Juan Pablo Arab ◽  
Marco Arrese
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications

Effects of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells on Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Zheng ◽  
Yumin Yang ◽  
Russel Clive Sequeira ◽  
Colin E. Bishop ◽  
Anthony Atala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Chronic Liver Injury ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Therapeutic effects of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) transplantation have been observed in various disease models. However, it is thought that MSCs-mediated effects largely depend on the paracrine manner of secreting cytokines, growth factors, and Extracellular Vesicles (EVs). Similarly, MSCs-derived EVs also showed therapeutic benefits in various liver diseases through alleviating fibrosis, improving regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating immune activity. This review provides an overview of the MSCs, their EVs, and their therapeutic potential in treating various liver diseases including liver fibrosis, acute and chronic liver injury, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). More specifically, the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs induce therapeutic benefits in liver diseases will be covered. In addition, comparisons between MSCs and their EVs were also evaluated as regenerative medicine against liver diseases. While the mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy must continue to be evaluated and verified, MSCs-derived EVs currently show tremendous potential and promise as a regenerative medicine treatment for liver disease in the future.

Enhanced external counterpulsation: mechanisms of action and clinical applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kitsou ◽  
T. Xanthos ◽  
R. Roberts ◽  
G.M. Karlis ◽  
L. Padadimitriou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
External Counterpulsation ◽  
Enhanced External Counterpulsation

scholarly journals Larval therapy from antiquity to the present day: mechanisms of action, clinical applications and future potential

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (980) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S Whitaker ◽  
C. Twine ◽  
M. J Whitaker ◽  
M. Welck ◽  
C. S Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Larval Therapy

scholarly journals Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeong-Ah Kwak ◽  
Hyun-Jae Cho ◽  
Jin-Young Yang ◽  
Young-Seok Park
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hepatic Regeneration ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Different Origins

Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemeri Livinalli ◽  
Taís Freire Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies have emerged in the 1990 decade as an important option for cancer treatment. These molecules have a diverse set of clinically relevant antitumor mechanisms, directly targeting tumor cells. It has been established as “standard of care” for several human cancers. This chapter reviews the use of monoclonal antibodies in oncology and introduces available biosimilars. The requirements for biosimilar antibody development, mechanisms of action and current clinical applications for cancer treatment is also presented.

scholarly journals Prunella vulgaris: A Comprehensive Review of Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Juan Wang ◽  
Xiao-He Wang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Dai ◽  
Ming-Hua Ma ◽  
Khalid Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Prunella Vulgaris

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a perennial herb belonging to the Labiate family and is widely distributed in the northeastern Asian countries such as Korea, Japan, and China. It is reported to display diverse biological activities including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammation as determined by in vitro or in vivo studies. So far, about 200 compounds have been isolated from PV plant and a majority of these have been characterized mainly as triterpenoids, sterols and flavonoids, followed by coumarins, phenylpropanoids, polysaccharides and volatile oils. This review summarizes and analyzes the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and clinical applications of the PV plant including its potential as a future medicinal plant. Although some of the chemical constituents of the PV plant and their mechanisms of action have been investigated, the biological activities of many of these remain unknown and further clinical trials are required to further enhance its reputation as a medicinal plant.

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