Role of the cAMP Pathway in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Ravnskjaer ◽  
Anila Madiraju ◽  
Marc Montminy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Camp Pathway

scholarly journals Role of bone morphogenetic protein‐9 in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 10077-10088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Zerong Liang ◽  
Mengliu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Jia ◽  
Gangyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9

scholarly journals Role of glutathione peroxidase 1 in glucose and lipid metabolism-related diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qiang Huang ◽  
Ji-Chang Zhou ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Wu ◽  
Fa-Zheng Ren ◽  
Xin Gen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

scholarly journals Fibroblast growth factor 21: a regulator of metabolic disease and health span

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (3) ◽  
pp. E292-E302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xie ◽  
Po Sing Leung
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Care Guidelines

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a potent endocrine regulator with physiological effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and thus garners much attention for its translational potential for the management of obesity and related metabolic syndromes. FGF21 is mainly expressed in several metabolically active tissue organs, such as the liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas, with profound effects and therapeutic relevance. Emerging experimental and clinical data point to the demonstrated metabolic benefits of FGF21, which include, but are not limited to, weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. In addition, FGF21 also acts directly through its coreceptor β-klotho in the brain to alter light-dark cycle activity. In this review, we critically appraise current advances in understanding the physiological actions of FGF21 and its role as a biomarker of various metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also discuss the potentially exciting role of FGF21 in improving our health and prolonging our life span. This information will provide a fuller understanding for further research into FGF21, as well as providing a scientific basis for potentially establishing health care guidelines for this promising molecule.

scholarly journals The role of miR-320 in glucose and lipid metabolism disorder-associated diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-416
Author(s):  
Hengzhi Du ◽  
Yanru Zhao ◽  
Zhongwei Yin ◽  
Dao Wen Wang ◽  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

scholarly journals Testosterone or 17β-estradiol exposure reveals sex-specific effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in human myotubes

2011 ◽  
Vol 210 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoozeh Salehzadeh ◽  
Anna Rune ◽  
Megan Osler ◽  
Lubna Al-Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Palmitate Oxidation ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Human Myotubes ◽  
17Β Estradiol

Changes in sex hormone levels with aging or illness may lead to metabolic disorders. Moreover, the ratio changes in men versus women may have distinct pathological responses. Since little is known about sex hormone action on muscle metabolism, we examined the role of testosterone or 17β-estradiol (E2) in metabolism and investigated whether either hormone may mediate a sex-specific effect. Myotubes from postmenopausal women and age-matched male donors were treated with 10 nM testosterone or E2 for 4 days, and assays were performed to measure metabolic readouts, signal transduction, and mRNA expression. Testosterone and E2 treatment enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation into glycogen and AKT phosphorylation in myotubes from female donors, highlighting a sex-specific role of sex hormone in glucose metabolism. Testosterone treatment increased palmitate oxidation in myotubes from both female and male donors, while E2 enhanced palmitate oxidation in myotubes from male donors only. Testosterone-mediated increase in palmitate oxidation was attenuated at the presence of androgen receptor antagonist, which may indicate a role of nuclear steroid receptor in muscle lipid oxidation. Testosterone treatment increased mRNA expression of the insulin receptor substrate 2 in myotubes from male and female donors, whereas it increased mRNA expression of glycogen synthase 1 only in myotubes from male donors. E2 treatment increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 mRNA expression in myotubes from female donors. Thus, our data suggest that testosterone or E2 modulates muscle glucose and lipid metabolism and may play a role in metabolism in a sex-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase gene related to anergy in lymphocytes in glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachie Nakamichi ◽  
Yoko Senga ◽  
Hiroshi Inoue ◽  
Aki Emi ◽  
Yasushi Matsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates energy in T-lymphocytes. Whereas, the relevance of GRAIL to T lymphocyte function is well established, the role of this protein in other cell types remains unknown. Given that GRAIL is abundant in the liver, we investigated the potential function of GRAIL in nutrient metabolism by generating mice in which the expression of GRAIL is reduced specifically in the liver. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of a short hairpin RNA specific for GRAIL mRNA markedly reduced the amounts of GRAIL mRNA and protein in the liver. Blood glucose levels of the mice with hepatic GRAIL deficiency did not differ from those of control animals in the fasted or fed states. However, these mice manifested glucose intolerance in association with a normal increase in plasma insulin levels during glucose challenge. The mice also manifested an increase in the serum concentration of free fatty acids, whereas the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were unchanged. The hepatic abundance of mRNAs for glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic (a key enzyme in hepatic glucose production) and for sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (an important transcriptional regulator of lipogenesis) was increased in the mice with hepatic GRAIL deficiency, possibly contributing to the metabolic abnormalities of these animals. Our results thus demonstrate that GRAIL in the liver is essential for maintenance of normal glucose and lipid metabolism in living animals.

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