Hydrolases in Polymer Chemistry: Chemoenzymatic Approaches to Polymeric Materials

2010 ◽  
pp. 79-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Heise ◽  
Anja R. A. Palmans
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Chemistry

Recent advances in “bioartificial polymeric materials” based nanovectors

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Conte ◽  
Ilenia De Luca ◽  
Anna Valentino ◽  
Anna Di Salle ◽  
Anna Calarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Polymer Therapeutics ◽  
Heterogeneous Architectures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Interest

AbstractThis chapter analyzes the advantages of the use of bioartificial polymers as carriers and the main strategies used for their design. Despite the enormous progresses in this field, more studies are required for the fully evaluation of these nanovectors in complex organisms and for the characterization of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic of the loaded drugs. Moreover, progresses in polymer chemistry are introducing a wide range of functionalities in the bioartificial polymeric material (BPM) nanostructures leading to a second generation of bioartificial polymer therapeutics based on novel and heterogeneous architectures with higher molecular weight and predictable structures, in order to achieve greater multivalency and increased loading capacity. Therefore, research on bioartificial polymeric nanovectors is an “on-going” field capable of attracting medical interest.

Polymer Chemistry in Diabetes Treatment by Encapsulated Islets of Langerhans: Review to 2006

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lacík
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Clinical Phase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intense Activity

Polymeric materials have been successfully used in numerous medical applications because of their diverse properties. For example, development of a bioartificial pancreas remains a challenge for polymer chemistry. Polymers, as a form of various encapsulation device, have been proposed for designing the semipermeable membrane capable of long-term immunoprotection of transplanted islets of Langerhans, which regulate the blood glucose level in a diabetic patient. This review describes the current situation in the field, discussing aspects of material selection, encapsulation devices, and encapsulation protocols. Problems and unanswered questions are emphasized to illustrate why clinical therapies with encapsulated islets have not been realized, despite intense activity over the past 15 years. The review was prepared with the goal to address professionals in the field as well as the broad polymer community to help in overcoming final barriers to the clinical phase for transplantation of islets of Langerhans encapsulated in a polymeric membrane.

Polymers Everyday and Everywhere

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Natural And Synthetic

AbstractI recently looked back at all the notes I’ve written for Chemistry International during the past decade or so, and polymer chemistry seems to be a recurrent theme, with a range of topics that underscores the multifarious applications of polymeric materials, both natural and synthetic. For example, the common polypropylene stacking chair, created in 1962 by Robin Day, one of the most influential furniture designers of the 20th century, was featured on a British stamp used to illustrate a Stamps International article published in 2011.

Benzoic acid-organocatalyzed ring-opening (co)polymerization (ORO(c)P) of l-lactide and ε-caprolactone under solvent-free conditions: from simplicity to recyclability

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5385-5396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mezzasalma ◽  
Julien De Winter ◽  
Daniel Taton ◽  
Olivier Coulembier
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

The development of sustainable synthetic approaches to biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric materials represents a key challenge in polymer chemistry.

The Resolution and Contrast in Biological Sections Determined by Inelastic and Elastic Scattering

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
D. L. Misell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Elastic Ratio

In the electron microscopy of biological sections the adverse effect of chromatic aberration on image resolution is well known. In this paper calculations are presented for the inelastic and elastic image intensities using a wave-optical formulation. Quantitative estimates of the deterioration in image resolution as a result of chromatic aberration are presented as an alternative to geometric calculations. The predominance of inelastic scattering in the unstained biological and polymeric materials is shown by the inelastic to elastic ratio, I/E, within an objective aperture of 0.005 rad for amorphous carbon of a thickness, t=50nm, typical of biological sections; E=200keV, I/E=16.

Anisotropic Membranes as Substrates for Sem

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Turnbull ◽  
W. F. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Surface Porosity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pore Texture ◽  
Spongy Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Until recently the prime purposes of filters have been to produce clear filtrates or to collect particles from solution and then remove the filter medium and examine the particles by transmission electron microscopy. These filters have not had the best characteristics for scanning electron microscopy due to the size of the pores or the surface topography. Advances in polymer chemistry and membrane technology resulted in membranes whose characteristics make them versatile substrates for many scanning electron microscope applications. These polysulphone type membranes are anisotropic, consisting of a very thin (0.1 to 1.5 μm) dense skin of extremely fine, controlled pore texture upon a much thicker (50 to 250μm), spongy layer of the same polymer. Apparent pore diameters can be controlled in the range of 10 to 40 A. The high flow ultrafilters which we are describing have a surface porosity in the range of 15 to 25 angstrom units (0.0015-0.0025μm).

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