Historical Overview of (Mini)emulsion Polymerizations and Preparation of Hybrid Latex Particles

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. van Herk
Keyword(s):  
Historical Overview ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations ◽  
Hybrid Latex

Preparation of vinyl polymer/polyurethane hybrid latex particles and their application in nano-sized vinyl polymer particle/thermoplastic polyurethane blends

e-Polymers ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Wei ◽  
Chengzhong Zong ◽  
Fufang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Polymer Particle ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Vinyl Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Latex ◽  
Polyurethane Matrix

AbstractVinyl polymer/polyurethane hybrid latex particles with various compositions were successfully prepared via emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomer in the presence of self-emulsified polyurethane dispersion without using any surfactant. Studies were carried out on polymerization kinetics, characterization of the hybrid particles and the physical properties of nano-sized vinyl polymer particle/thermoplastic polyurethane blends. It was found that the maximum content of vinyl polymer in polyurethane hybrid particles was up to 80 percent and all of the vinyl polymer/polyurethane hybrid particles were less than 120 nm. Infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated the influence of vinyl polymer on the polyurethane hybrid particles. With the polyurethane shells outside and, therefore, good compatibility with polyurethane matrix, the hybrid particles can be easily blended into polyurethane matrix. Some unusual changes of dynamic mechanical properties in the low temperature region were found in the blends of hybrid particles and thermoplastic polyurethane. With the addition of only 3%, the mechanical properties of these blends did not show a significant change. This study provided a new method to prepare hybrid particles in the absence of surfactant and made an attempt on application of vinyl polymer/polyurethane hybrid particles in the blending modification

Highly tough, anti-fatigue and rapidly self-recoverable hydrogels reinforced with core–shell inorganic–organic hybrid latex particles

Soft Matter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (36) ◽  
pp. 6059-6067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Xia ◽  
Shixin Song ◽  
Xiuyan Ren ◽  
Guanghui Gao
Keyword(s):  
Core Shell ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Latex

Highly tough, anti-fatigue and rapidly self-recoverable hydrogels reinforced with core–shell inorganic–organic hybrid latex particles.

The Entry of Free Radicals Into Polystyrene Latex Particles

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
ME Adams ◽  
M Trau ◽  
RG Gilbert ◽  
DH Napper ◽  
DF Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Polystyrene Latex Particles ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

Mechanistic understanding of the processes governing the kinetics of emulsion polymerization has both scientific and technical interest. One component of this process that is poorly understood at present is that of free radical entry into latex particles. Measurements were made of the entry rate coefficient as a function of temperature for free radicals entering polystyrene latex particles in seeded emulsion polymerizations initiated by γ-rays. The activation energy for entry was found to be less than 24�3 kJ mol-1, consistent with entry being controlled by a physical (e.g., diffusional ) rather than a chemical process. Measurement of the entry rate coefficient as a function of the γ-ray dose rate suggested that the factors that determine the entry rate when the primary free radicals are uncharged are similar to those that determine the entry rate for charged free radicals derived from chemical initiation by peroxydisulfate. This result was consistent with measurements of the entry rate coefficient of charged free radicals derived from peroxydisulfate; these data were found to be virtually independent of both the extent of the latex surface coverage by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and the ionic strength of the continuous phase. The data refute several proposals given in the literature for the rate-determining step for entry, being inconsistent with control by (1) collision of free radicals with the latex particles, (2) surfactant desorption , and (3) an electrostatic barrier arising from the colloidal nature of the entering free radical. The origin of the activation energy for entry remains obscure.

Effect of Fluorine-Containing Surfactant on Fluorinated Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization and the Properties of the Latex Film

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yi Chi Chen ◽  
Xiao Qun Wang ◽  
Dong Xiao Han ◽  
Li Qun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Surfactant Mixture ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Fluorinated Acrylate ◽  
Hybrid Latex

Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.

Design and Fabrication of Polyolefin–Acrylic Hybrid Latex Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 3185-3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. D. Carter ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Robert S. Moglia ◽  
Pu Luo ◽  
Tanvi S. Ratani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latex Particles ◽  
Hybrid Latex
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