Browsing Personal Images Using Episodic Memory (Time + Location)

Author(s):  
Chufeng Chen ◽  
Michael Oakes ◽  
John Tait
Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Scofield ◽  
Jeffrey D Johnson

Knowing when an event took place can provide several benefits to episodic memory, such as distinguishing among multiple traces, learning sequences of events, and guiding a search strategy. As a tool for understanding memory, time is particularly appealing given its ever-changing quality, the constant possibility to associate it with encoded events, and the ease with which it can be targeted at retrieval. Whereas studies of episodic retrieval typically employ categorical and probabilistic measures of retrieval success, characterizing a continuous feature such as time warrants measures particularly sensitive to the fidelity, or precision, of retrieved information. Here, we adapt a paradigm for assessing the fine-grained precision of retrieval to understand the nature of judging the time at which a memory was encoded. Subjects studied a series of pictures and then undertook a test in which they placed each picture, as precisely as possible, along a continuous timeline representing the study list. Based on mixture-modeling analyses of the test response errors, the primary results were that temporal judgments were less accurate with passing time, and this change was due to diminished precision as opposed to an increased rate of guessing. Moreover, although we observed a negligible influence of guessing, subjects exhibited a clear effect of bias that favored recent responses. Together, in contrast to numerous studies of memory for other continuous features (e.g., color and location), our findings demonstrate a novel pattern of decision factors, suggesting that the retrieval of time might highlight distinct attributes of episodic memory.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John E. Scofield

The knowledge of when an event took place provides benefits to episodic memory, such as distinguishing among multiple traces and learning event sequences. As a tool for understanding memory, time is appealing given its ever-changing quality, and the ease with which it is targeted at retrieval. Whereas studies of episodic retrieval typically employ categorical measures of retrieval, characterizing a continuous feature such as time warrants measures sensitive to the precision of retrieved information. Through four experiments, we adapted a paradigm for assessing the fine-grained precision of retrieval to understand the nature of judging the time at which a memory was encoded. Subjects studied a series of pictures and were subsequently tested on when they previously studied items. Temporal judgments were less accurate with passing time, with negligible guessing. Neurally, ERP amplitudes in left parietal electrodes tracked the precision of temporal judgments, with higher ERP amplitudes associated with better precision. Additionally, frequency power in both the alpha and theta bands were associated with temporal precision. Finally, while testing spatial retrieval, a correspondence emerged between spatial and temporal precision on a trial to trial basis, but a dissociation was found in which the recency effects found in temporal judgments was not present in spatial judgments. Together, these findings elucidate the role of time and space in episodic memory retrieval.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Keven

Abstract Hoerl & McCormack argue that animals cannot represent past situations and subsume animals’ memory-like representations within a model of the world. I suggest calling these memory-like representations as what they are without beating around the bush. I refer to them as event memories and explain how they are different from episodic memory and how they can guide action in animal cognition.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang

Emotional arousal induced after learning has been shown to modulate memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether the effect of postlearning arousal can extend to different aspects of memory. This study examined the effect of postlearning positive arousal on both item memory and source memory. Participants learned a list of neutral words and took an immediate memory test. Then they watched a positive or a neutral videoclip and took delayed memory tests after either 25 minutes or 1 week had elapsed after the learning phase. In both delay conditions, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of item memory as measured by overall recognition. Furthermore, positive arousal enhanced consolidation of familiarity but not recollection. However, positive arousal appeared to have no effect on consolidation of source memory. These findings have implications for building theoretical models of the effect of emotional arousal on consolidation of episodic memory and for applying postlearning emotional arousal as a technique of memory intervention.


GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽  
Sandra Dick ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Carsten Schleussner ◽  
Monique Goerke ◽  
...  

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.


Author(s):  
Alp Aslan ◽  
Anuscheh Samenieh ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Karl-Heinz T. Bäuml

Changing environmental context during encoding can influence episodic memory. This study examined the memorial consequences of environmental context change in children. Kindergartners, first and fourth graders, and young adults studied two lists of items, either in the same room (no context change) or in two different rooms (context change), and subsequently were tested on the two lists in the room in which the second list was encoded. As expected, in adults, the context change impaired recall of the first list and improved recall of the second. Whereas fourth graders showed the same pattern of results as adults, in both kindergartners and first graders no memorial effects of the context change arose. The results indicate that the two effects of environmental context change develop contemporaneously over middle childhood and reach maturity at the end of the elementary school days. The findings are discussed in light of both retrieval-based and encoding-based accounts of context-dependent memory.


2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Asperholm ◽  
Nadja Högman ◽  
Jonas Rafi ◽  
Agneta Herlitz

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