Evaluating Model Construction Methods with Objective Rule Evaluation Indices to Support Human Experts

2006 ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenao Abe ◽  
Shusaku Tsumoto ◽  
Miho Ohsaki ◽  
Takahira Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Model Construction ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Rule Evaluation

Modeling of Piled Foundations

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 775-783
Author(s):  
Glenn A. Kriger
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Pile Group ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Single Pile ◽  
Pile Groups ◽  
Model Synthesis ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Single Piles ◽  
Piled Foundations

Abstract A comprehensive set of guidelines for constructing linear models of single piles and pile groups for foundations of offshore structures is presented. These models are used as boundary conditions at the base of the superstructure, thus permitting independent analysis of the superstructure from its supporting foundation.This paper is a "how-to" text for piled foundation modeling. It is also of value to those in related disciplines, such as geotechnical specialists, who will gain insight into how their data is applied in analyzing structures supported by piled foundations. Discussions include the behavior and modeling of single piles and pile groups. Construction methods are presented for pile groups. Construction methods are presented for three types of pile models-matrix, springs, and equivalent pile. The advantages and disadvantages of each model type are described. Linear and nonlinear foundation behavior characteristics are treated in depth. Factors that influence the approach to a modeling problem are outlined. Emphasis is placed on providing the problem are outlined. Emphasis is placed on providing the reader with an understanding of the physical behavior of piled foundations and model construction. A step-by-step piled foundations and model construction. A step-by-step procedure for model synthesis is provided in an example. procedure for model synthesis is provided in an example. Introduction In a fixed offshore platform, the steel jacket superstructure and its supporting piled foundation are more conveniently analyzed if treated separately. There are major structural and behavior-al differences between the jacket and foundation, and the two do not lend themselves to similar analytical methods. This paper presents basic techniques for constructing linear models that simulate the foundation behavior at the superstructure/foundation boundary. Use of these models permits independent superstructure analyses. Selection of the model type and its degree of refinement are described from a global overview of the structure, available data, and ramification of analytical results. Construction of the foundation simulation model follows routine procedures using results of an independent foundation analysis. Single Pile Behavior The load-deflection behavior of a single pile crown is of key importance in model construction. Analysis of a pile embedded in soil is extremely difficult because of pile embedded in soil is extremely difficult because of the infinite dimensions, nonhomogeneity, and nonlinearity of the soil. As a practical necessity, the problem usually is simplified by treating the pile as a beam-column supported by nonlinear axial and lateral soil springs. Details of these analytical procedures are beyond the scope of this work, although application of the techniques presented here will require the availability of such an analytical tool. Although this material pertains to single piles, it forms the basis for understanding pertains to single piles, it forms the basis for understanding pile group behavior discussed later. pile group behavior discussed later. Fig. 1 depicts a right-hand orthogonal coordinate system, which is used throughout this paper. Displacements, s, and forces, F, are shown in each of the six degrees of freedom (DOF). The pile behavior is studied by observation of the force(s) required to produce displacement in each of the six DOF while all other displacements are held at zero. Of utmost importance is the effect of coupling-the interaction of forces (and displacements) in different DOF.First consider linear pile behavior, which is characteristic of small-magnitude loadings. Force and displacement are directly proportional; therefore, stiffness (force divided by displacement) remains constant for all values of displacement (Fig. 2).Fig. 3a shows that an axial displacement is produced by an axial force. This axial displacement requires no other forces in each of the remaining five DOF. Therefore, linear axial pile behavior is uncoupled. Similarly, a torsional displacement (Fig. 3b) requires only a torque along the same DOF and therefore is also lineally uncoupled. SPEJ p. 775

Proposal for Refugee Housing in Southeast Europe Utilizing Regionally Appropriate, Sustainable, and Affordable Construction Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Cicevic ◽  
Sarah Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Housing Unit ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Emergency Housing ◽  
Communal Housing ◽  
Construction Model

This research focuses on the emergency-housing demand caused by the on-going refugee crisis in Southeastern Europe. The research and proposed solutions focus on Northern Serbia, as this region generally lacks permanent housing solutions for accommodating the increasing influx of immigrants. The outcome of this research is an architectural proposal for the refugee housing unit designed particularly for the situational factors of this focus region.    The study identifies earth architecture as the primary building technique, due to its ability to satisfy a range of defined end-product goals.  These goals include: the sustainability of the material, quality and durability of the final product, skill level required for non-professional construction, final cost of material and execution, historical regional precedent, and opportunity for communal engagement of the immigrant population. The proposed architectural design uses earth-bag construction as the sub-method most suitable for this location and in keeping with the goals outlined above. The proposed housing unit is a singular component that could be duplicated to create larger communal housing communities.  A broad overview of possible solutions is included, followed by the development of the earth-bag construction option. The development of this proposal includes material studies, sketches, and an architectural model as representation tools. The outcomes of this research serve as a guideline, rather than a precise construction model, in creating much needed refugee housing communities in North Serbia.      

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

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