9 Water Vapor and Entropy Production in the Earth’s Atmosphere

2006 ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier M. Pauluis
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

scholarly journals Absorption of solar radiation by water vapor, oxygen, and related collision pairs in the Earth's atmosphere

1998 ◽  
Vol 103 (D4) ◽  
pp. 3847-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Solomon ◽  
R. W. Portmann ◽  
R. W. Sanders ◽  
J. S. Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

scholarly journals Exploring earth's atmosphere with radio occultation: contributions to weather, climate and space weather

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Satellite Constellation ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Satellite Missions

Abstract. The launch of the proof-of-concept mission GPS/MET in 1995 began a revolution in profiling earth's atmosphere through radio occultation (RO). GPS/MET; subsequent single-satellite missions CHAMP, SAC-C, GRACE, METOP-A, and TerraSAR-X; and the six-satellite constellation, FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC, have proven the theoretical capabilities of RO to provide accurate and precise profiles of electron density in the ionosphere and refractivity, containing information on temperature and water vapor, in the stratosphere and troposphere. This paper summarizes results from these RO missions and the applications of RO observations to atmospheric research and operational weather analysis and prediction.

Raman lidar system for the measurement of water vapor and aerosols in the Earth’s atmosphere

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (16) ◽  
pp. 3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Whiteman ◽  
S. H. Melfi ◽  
R. A. Ferrare
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

scholarly journals Neutral water clusters in the Earth’s atmosphere: The effect of orientational isomerism on their concentrations and thermodynamic parameters.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Shirokova ◽  
◽  
A.G. Razuvaev ◽  
A.V. Mayorov ◽  
B. Aradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Water Cluster ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Neutral Water ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

In order to estimate the effect of orientational isomerism on the thermodynamic parameters and concentrations of water clusters in the gas phase, all possible structures of book, cageand prismconformations of water hexamer (H2O)6have been studied using the DFT (B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p)), G4, DFTB, W1BD and MB-pol calculations. It was found that taking into account of the orientational isomerism leads to the values of water cluster gas-phase concentrations different by 1–2 orders of magnitude from the results obtained when only single or several most energetically favorable structures are considered. The concentrations of all the considered hexamer structuresin the saturated water vapor at T= 298.15 K are estimated as 1.61 103(G4) and 8.17 105 (DFT) molecules/cm3.

scholarly journals A redistribution of water due to pileus cloud formation near the tropopause

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 8209-8232
Author(s):  
T. J. Garrett ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
J. Dean-Day ◽  
B. K. Barnett ◽  
G. G. Mace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Humid Air ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Stratiform Clouds ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Abstract. Thin stratiform clouds called pileus can form in the earth's atmosphere when humid air is lifted above rising convection. In the lower troposphere pileus lifetimes are short, so they have been considered little more than an attractive curiosity. This paper describes pileus cloud forming near the tropopause at low-latitudes, and discusses how they may be associated with a redistribution of water vapor and ice at cold temperatures.

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