The Trajectory Approach for the End-to-End Response Times with Non-preemptive FP/EDF*

2006 ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Martin ◽  
Pascale Minet ◽  
Laurent George
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Trajectory Approach ◽  
End To End

scholarly journals Research and development in robotics with potential to automate handling of biological collections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Hardy ◽  
Myriam van Walsum ◽  
Laurence Livermore ◽  
Stephanie Walton
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
End To End ◽  
Automated Handling

This report investigates the current state of physical (mechanical) robotics, automated warehousing approaches and assistive technologies in relation to the storage, handling and processing (particularly digitisation) of natural history collections. Robotics can sound futuristic, however we provide case studies that show many and growing examples of physical automation in the natural history and cultural heritage sectors, including barcodes and conveyor belts for digitisation; robots that handle multiple vials for molecular and genetic work; robots for use in in display or exhibition contexts; and automated warehousing of library collections. We provide a non-exhaustive example of an end to end workflow of storage, retrieval and processing and discuss aspects of the tools and challenges relevant to these stages. The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo), a new Research Infrastructure for natural science collections, should build on this, leading a future programme of pilots that develop understanding of independent stages, and can be connected to make progress towards end-to-end solutions. Robots, or automated systems, excel at repetitive tasks, and are developing rapidly to be able to handle more complex object types, at lower cost. High volume, high variety of objects, and considerations such as fragility are not unique to the natural history sector - they apply for example to major retail operations - however natural history collections do offer some of the more extreme examples of these challenges, and in particular are not replaceable. Increased consistency of storage units is likely to be a critical factor in enabling automated handling in future, as well as looking at automation possibilities when new collections storage spaces are developed and built. Engagement with industry and subject matter experts has been patchy and again we recommend that DiSSCo help to ensure a joined up engagement with the right incentives in place, and with clear communication of requirements and challenges for shared R&D. When examining return on investment for particular automation, collections-holding institutions need to consider not only time and cost of automation compared to human labour, but wider factors including: health and safety such as physical environment and repetitve strain injury; security; quality and consistency of outputs; degree of criticality in response times (e.g. if digitising on demand); effective use of spaces; and freeing up staff to conduct other tasks. Purely software-based automation is outside the scope of this report, but is also in increasing use and has enormous potential, for example to transform the extraction of label and specimen data at scale from images. The challenges of managing and digitising collections at scale under DiSSCo are likely to require a combination of hardware and software automation approaches.

The Switched Local Area Networks’ Delay Problem

2013 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
Monday O. Eyinagho ◽  
Samuel O. Falaki
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Local Area Networks ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Maximum Delay ◽  
Formal Basis ◽  
Packet Switch ◽  
End To End

A large number of installed local area networks are sluggish in terms of speed of uploading and downloading of information. Researchers have, therefore, proposed the need for such networks to be designed with specified maximum end-to-end delay. This is because, if the maximum packet delay between any two nodes of a network is not known, it is impossible to provide a deterministic guarantee of worst case response times of packets’ flows. Therefore, the need for analytic and formal basis for designing such networks becomes very imperative. In this regard, this chapter has discussed the switched local area networks’ delay problem and related issues. It compared the two principal approaches for determining the end-to-end response times of flows in communication networks – stochastic approach and deterministic approach. The chapter goes on to demonstrate the superiority of the latter approach by using it to develop and validate the goodness of a general maximum delay packet switch model.

scholarly journals Analysing AFDX Networks Using End-to-end Response Time Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350017
Author(s):  
MAGNUS JONSSON ◽  
KRISTINA KUNERT ◽  
ANDERS KALLERDAHL
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Response Time Analysis ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Delay Bounds ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Trajectory Approach ◽  
End To End

In this paper, we present a novel real-time analysis framework for AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) networks. The framework, based on end-to-end response time analysis, calculates not only delay bounds, but also the maximum jitter for each VL (Virtual Link) at each hop, which is necessary according to the AFDX standard. Moreover, the framework supports multicasting, i.e., VLs with several paths, and VLs with arbitrary delay bounds, i.e., shorter, longer, or equal to their periods. An analysis method to calculate the worst-case buffer population is included in the framework, as it is important to guarantee that no buffer-overflow occurs. With a performance surpassing that of Network Calculus and comparable with Trajectory Approach, our framework presents a good choice due to its many features and its foundation in well-accepted analysis methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document