Logical Reconstruction of RDF and Ontology Languages

2005 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos de Bruijn ◽  
Enrico Franconi ◽  
Sergio Tessaris
Keyword(s):  
Logical Reconstruction ◽  
Ontology Languages

Gaunilo Parodies Anselm

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-71
Author(s):  
Geo Siegwart
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
The Third ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Logical Reconstruction ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Function

The main objective is an interpretation of the island parody, in particular a logical reconstruction of the parodying argument that stays close to the text. The parodied reasoning is identified as the proof in the second chapter of the Proslogion, more specifically, this proof as it is represented by Gaunilo in the first chapter of his Liber pro insipiente. The second task is a detailed comparison between parodied and parodying argument as well as an account of their common structure. The third objective is a tentative characterization of the nature and function of parodies of arguments. It seems that parodying does not add new pertinent points of view to the usual criticism of an argument.

Autonomy in Psychiatric Ethics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomira Radoilska
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Positive Theory ◽  
Logical Reconstruction

This chapter explores four kinds of skepticism about autonomy in general and its applicability to psychiatric ethics in particular. It is argued that although there are valuable lessons to be learnt from each of these skeptical challenges, their overall contribution is best understood in terms of friendly correctives to an autonomy-centered normative and conceptual framework instead of viable alternatives to it. The first four sections each provide a logical reconstruction of a distinct skeptical line of reasoning about autonomy and expand on its implications for psychiatric ethics: skepticism about personal autonomy; skepticism about autonomy as an agency concept; vulnerability-grounded skepticism about autonomy; and paternalism-friendly skepticism about autonomy. The fifth section identifies and explores the underlying presuppositions that motivate the previously discussed forms of skepticism about autonomy, and the sixth reflects on the significance of psychiatric ethics for rebutting skepticism about autonomy and developing a new, more promising positive theory.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON SEMANTIC WEB

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Komal Dhulekar ◽  
Madhuri Devrankar
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Topic Maps ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Meta Information ◽  
Ontology Languages ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Machine Processing ◽  
The Web

Semantic web is a concept that enables better machine processing of information on the web, by structuring documents written for the web in such a way that they become understandable by machines. This can be used for creating more complex applications (intelligent browsers, more advanced web agents), etc. Semantic modeling languages like the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and topic maps employ XML syntax to achieve this objective. New tools exploit cross domain vocabularies to automatically extract and relate the meta information in a new context. Web Ontology languages like DAML+OIL extend RDF with richer modeling primitives and a provide a technological basis to enable the Semantic Web. The logic languages for Semantic Web are described (which build on the of RDF and ontology languages). They, together with digital signatures, enable a web of trust, which will have levels of trust for its resources and for the rights of access, and will enable generating proofs, for the actions and resources on the web.

A critical evaluation of ontology languages for geographic information retrieval on the Internet

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia I. Abdelmoty ◽  
Philip D. Smart ◽  
Christopher B. Jones ◽  
Gaihua Fu ◽  
David Finch
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Geographic Information Retrieval ◽  
Ontology Languages

On the Integration of Clinical Archetypes with Ontologies and Rules

2013 ◽  
pp. 82-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Formal Representation ◽  
Automatic Translation ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Formal Ontologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ontology Languages ◽  
Clinical Rules ◽  
Alerting Systems

This chapter presents an approach to translate definitions expressed in openEHR Archetype Definition Language (ADL) to a formal representation using ontology languages. The approach is implemented in the ArchOnt framework, which is also described. The integration of those formal representations with clinical rules is then studied, providing an approach to reuse reasoning on concrete instances of clinical data. Sharing the knowledge expressed in the form of rules is coherent with the philosophy of open sharing underlying clinical archetypes, and it also extends reuse to propositions of declarative knowledge as those encoded for example in clinical guidelines. Thus, this chapter describes the techniques to map archetypes to formal ontologies and how rules can be attached to the resulting representation. In addition, the translation allows specifying logical bindings to equivalent clinical concepts from other knowledge sources. Such bindings encourage reuse as well as ontology reasoning and navigability across different ontologies. Another significant contribution of the chapter is the application of the presented approach as part of two research projects in collaboration with teaching hospitals in Madrid. Examples taken from those cases, such as the development of alerting systems aimed at improving patient safety, are explained. Besides the direct applications described, the automatic translation of archetypes to an ontology language fosters a wide range of semantic and reasoning activities to be designed and implemented on top of a common representation instead of taking an ad-hoc approach.

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