Dynamic Component Substitutability Analysis

2005 ◽  
pp. 512-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Sharygina ◽  
Sagar Chaki ◽  
Edmund Clarke ◽  
Nishant Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Component

scholarly journals Long-read cDNA sequencing identifies functional pseudogenes in the human transcriptome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin-Lee Troskie ◽  
Yohaann Jafrani ◽  
Tim R. Mercer ◽  
Adam D. Ewing ◽  
Geoffrey J. Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cdna Sequencing ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

AbstractPseudogenes are gene copies presumed to mainly be functionless relics of evolution due to acquired deleterious mutations or transcriptional silencing. Using deep full-length PacBio cDNA sequencing of normal human tissues and cancer cell lines, we identify here hundreds of novel transcribed pseudogenes expressed in tissue-specific patterns. Some pseudogene transcripts have intact open reading frames and are translated in cultured cells, representing unannotated protein-coding genes. To assess the biological impact of noncoding pseudogenes, we CRISPR-Cas9 delete the nucleus-enriched pseudogene PDCL3P4 and observe hundreds of perturbed genes. This study highlights pseudogenes as a complex and dynamic component of the human transcriptional landscape.

scholarly journals Pre-Flight Calibration of the Mars 2020 Rover Mastcam Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imager

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Hayes ◽  
P. Corlies ◽  
C. Tate ◽  
M. Barrington ◽  
J. F. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Length ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Radiometric Calibration ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Bayer Pattern ◽  
Kennedy Space

AbstractThe NASA Perseverance rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) system is a pair of zoomable, focusable, multi-spectral, and color charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras mounted on top of a 1.7 m Remote Sensing Mast, along with associated electronics and two calibration targets. The cameras contain identical optical assemblies that can range in focal length from 26 mm ($25.5^{\circ }\, \times 19.1^{\circ }\ \mathrm{FOV}$ 25.5 ∘ × 19.1 ∘ FOV ) to 110 mm ($6.2^{\circ } \, \times 4.2^{\circ }\ \mathrm{FOV}$ 6.2 ∘ × 4.2 ∘ FOV ) and will acquire data at pixel scales of 148-540 μm at a range of 2 m and 7.4-27 cm at 1 km. The cameras are mounted on the rover’s mast with a stereo baseline of $24.3\pm 0.1$ 24.3 ± 0.1  cm and a toe-in angle of $1.17\pm 0.03^{\circ }$ 1.17 ± 0.03 ∘ (per camera). Each camera uses a Kodak KAI-2020 CCD with $1600\times 1200$ 1600 × 1200 active pixels and an 8 position filter wheel that contains an IR-cutoff filter for color imaging through the detectors’ Bayer-pattern filters, a neutral density (ND) solar filter for imaging the sun, and 6 narrow-band geology filters (16 total filters). An associated Digital Electronics Assembly provides command data interfaces to the rover, 11-to-8 bit companding, and JPEG compression capabilities. Herein, we describe pre-flight calibration of the Mastcam-Z instrument and characterize its radiometric and geometric behavior. Between April 26$^{th}$ t h and May 9$^{th}$ t h , 2019, ∼45,000 images were acquired during stand-alone calibration at Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS) in San Diego, CA. Additional data were acquired during Assembly Test and Launch Operations (ATLO) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Kennedy Space Center. Results of the radiometric calibration validate a 5% absolute radiometric accuracy when using camera state parameters investigated during testing. When observing using camera state parameters not interrogated during calibration (e.g., non-canonical zoom positions), we conservatively estimate the absolute uncertainty to be $<10\%$ < 10 % . Image quality, measured via the amplitude of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) at Nyquist sampling (0.35 line pairs per pixel), shows $\mathrm{MTF}_{\mathit{Nyquist}}=0.26-0.50$ MTF Nyquist = 0.26 − 0.50 across all zoom, focus, and filter positions, exceeding the $>0.2$ > 0.2 design requirement. We discuss lessons learned from calibration and suggest tactical strategies that will optimize the quality of science data acquired during operation at Mars. While most results matched expectations, some surprises were discovered, such as a strong wavelength and temperature dependence on the radiometric coefficients and a scene-dependent dynamic component to the zero-exposure bias frames. Calibration results and derived accuracies were validated using a Geoboard target consisting of well-characterized geologic samples.

scholarly journals The Invisible and the Hidden within the Phenomenological Situation of Appearing

Open Theology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 547-556
Author(s):  
Martin Nitsche
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Invisible

AbstractThis study focuses on various phenomenological conceptions of the invisible in order to consider to what extent and in what way they involve moments of hiddenness. The relationship among phenomenality, invisibility, and hiddenness is examined in the works of Husserl, Heidegger, Henry, and Merleau-Ponty. The study explains why phenomenologists prefer speaking about the invisible over a discourse of the hidden. It shows that the phenomenological method does not display the invisibility as a limit of experience but rather as a dynamic component of relational nature of any experience, including the religious one. Special attention is paid to topological moments of the relationship between the visible and the invisible.

scholarly journals Introducing Twitter Daily Estimates of Residents and Non-Residents at the County Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yago Martín ◽  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Yue Ge ◽  
Xiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Population ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
County Level ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Home Location ◽  
Non Local

The study of migrations and mobility has historically been severely limited by the absence of reliable data or the temporal sparsity of available data. Using geospatial digital trace data, the study of population movements can be much more precisely and dynamically measured. Our research seeks to develop a near real-time (one-day lag) Twitter census that gives a more temporally granular picture of local and non-local population at the county level. Internal validation reveals over 80% accuracy when compared with users’ self-reported home location. External validation results suggest these stocks correlate with available statistics of residents/non-residents at the county level and can accurately reflect regular (seasonal tourism) and non-regular events such as the Great American Solar Eclipse of 2017. The findings demonstrate that Twitter holds the potential to introduce the dynamic component often lacking in population estimates. This study could potentially benefit various fields such as demography, tourism, emergency management, and public health and create new opportunities for large-scale mobility analyses.

scholarly journals The Interpretation of E-Motions in Faces and Bodies Derived from Static Artworks by Individuals with High Functioning Autistic Spectrum

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Della-Torre ◽  
Daniele Zavagno ◽  
Rossana Actis-Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Similar Range

E-motions are defined as those affective states the expressions of which—conveyed either by static faces or body posture—embody a dynamic component and, consequently, convey a higher sense of dynamicity than other emotional expressions. An experiment is presented, aimed at testing whether e-motions are perceived as such also by individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which have been associated with impairments in emotion recognition and in motion perception. To this aim we replicate with ASD individuals a study, originally conducted with typically developed individuals (TDs), in which we showed to both ASD and TD participants 14 bodiless heads and 14 headless bodies taken from eleven static artworks and four drawings. The Experiment was divided into two sessions. In Session 1 participants were asked to freely associate each stimulus to an emotion or an affective state (Task 1, option A); if they were unable to find a specific emotion, the experimenter showed them a list of eight possible emotions (words) and asked them to choose one from such list, that best described the affective state portrayed in the image (Task 1, option B). After their choice, they were asked to rate the intensity of the perceived emotion on a seven point Likert scale (Task 2). In Session 2 participants were requested to evaluate the degree of dynamicity conveyed by each stimulus on a 7 point Likert scale. Results showed that ASDs and TDs shared a similar range of verbal expressions defining emotions; however, ASDs (i) showed an impairment in the ability to spontaneously assign an emotion to a headless body, and (ii) they more frequently used terms denoting negative emotions (for both faces and bodies) as compared to neutral emotions, which in turn were more frequently used by TDs. No difference emerged between the two groups for positive emotions, with happiness being the emotion better recognized in both faces and in bodies. Although overall there are no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the emotions assigned to the images and the degree of perceived dynamicity, the interaction Artwork x Group showed that for some images ASDs assigned a different value than TDs to perceived dynamicity. Moreover, two images were interpreted by ASDs as conveying completely different emotions than those perceived by TDs. Results are discussed in light of the ability of ASDs to resolve ambiguity, and of possible different cognitive styles characterizing the aesthetical/emotional experience.

Evaluation of parameters of the dynamic component of postural balance in elderly women

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
T.P. Shiryaeva ◽  
A.V. Gribanov ◽  
D.M. Fedotov ◽  
O.A. Rumyantseva
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters

Coxal Muscle Receptors in the Crab: The Receptor Potentials of S and T Fibres in Response to Ramp Stretches

1971 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-832
Author(s):  
B. M. H. BUSH ◽  
ALAN ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Static Responses ◽  
Basal Joint ◽  
Muscle Receptors ◽  
Shore Crabs ◽  
Static Nature ◽  
Receptor Muscle

1. Intracellular and extracellular recordings from the two large-diameter S and T sensory fibres of the posterior thoracico-coxal muscle receptor in shore crabs confirm the graded, dynamic-static nature of the receptor potentials evoked by stretching the receptor muscle, and the lack of afferent impulses. 2. Slow ramp-function stretches evoke receptor potentials with characteristic shapes, which differ between the two fibres in several respects: (i) The dynamic component in the S fibre resembles an algebraic sum of length and velocity responses and a variable initial ‘acceleration’ (?) transient, while in the T fibre it commonly declines (‘adapts’) during stretching, especially at greater velocities and starting lengths. (ii) On release of stretch the S fibre usually exhibits a ‘negative velocity response’, but the T fibre repolarizes rapidly often with a slight hyperpolarization. (iii) The dynamic response of the T fibre is generally greater than that of the S fibre, and increases more steeply and approximately logarithmically with stretch velocity over a 10- to 50-fold range. (iv) The ‘static response’ or degree of depolarization increases fairly linearly with receptor length in the S fibre but very non-linearly in the T fibre. (v) The T fibre displays pronounced hysteresis in its dynamic and static responses at increasing and decreasing lengths, but the S fibre shows little hysteresis. (vi) The T fibre but not the S fibre commonly shows small rapid oscillations or ‘noise’ superimposed upon strongly depolarized ‘static’ potentials. (vii) The S and T responses may be affected reciprocally by some forms of receptor muscle contraction. 3. Graded receptor potentials evoked in the ‘D’ fibre by stretching the non-muscular depressor-receptor strand of the coxo-basal joint show little hysteresis. 4. Receptor muscle fibres respond to motor nerve stimulation or spontaneous motor impulses from the thoracic ganglion with slow, facilitating and summating excitatory junctional potentials. 5. The mechanisms underlying the differences between S and T responses, and their functional significance to the animal, are discussed, and comparisons are drawn with other muscle receptors.

New Energy-Absorbing High-Speed Safety Barrier

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Reid ◽  
Ronald K. Faller ◽  
Jim C. Holloway ◽  
John R. Rohde ◽  
Dean L. Sicking
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Roadside Safety ◽  
New Energy ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
Energy Absorbing

For many years, containment for errant racing vehicles traveling on oval speedways has been provided through rigid, concrete containment walls placed around the exterior of the track. However, accident experience has shown that serious injuries and fatalities may occur through vehicular impacts into these nondeformable barriers. Because of these injuries, the Indy Racing League and the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, later joined by the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), sponsored the development of a new barrier system by the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln to improve the safety of drivers participating in automobile racing events. Several barrier prototypes were investigated and evaluated using both static and dynamic component testing, computer simulation modeling with LS-DYNA (a nonlinear finite element analysis code), and 20 full-scale vehicle crash tests. The full-scale crash testing program included bogie vehicles, small cars, and a full-size sedan, as well as Indy Racing League open-wheeled cars and NASCAR Winston Cup cars. A combination steel tube skin and foam energy-absorbing barrier system, referred to as the SAFER (steel and foam energy reduction) barrier, was successfully developed. Subsequently, the SAFER barrier was installed at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in advance of the running of the 2002 Indianapolis 500 race. From the results of the laboratory testing program as well as analysis of the accidents into the SAFER barrier occurring during practice, qualification, and the race, the SAFER barrier has been shown to provide improved safety for drivers impacting the outer walls.

Accelerating ATM Simulations Using Dynamic Component Substitution (DCS)

SIMULATION ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-253
Author(s):  
Dhananjai M. Rao ◽  
Philip A. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Component Substitution
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