Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei

2005 ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Barth ◽  
J.E. Greene ◽  
L.C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

scholarly journals X‐Ray Emission from Active Galactic Nuclei with Intermediate‐Mass Black Holes

2008 ◽  
Vol 689 (2) ◽  
pp. 762-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Dewangan ◽  
S. Mathur ◽  
R. E. Griffiths ◽  
A. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

scholarly journals A Population of Bona Fide Intermediate-mass Black Holes Identified as Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei

2018 ◽  
Vol 863 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Chilingarian ◽  
Ivan Yu. Katkov ◽  
Ivan Yu. Zolotukhin ◽  
Kirill A. Grishin ◽  
Yuri Beletsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Active Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

scholarly journals Formation of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei – I. Delivering seed intermediate-mass black holes in massive stellar clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 2682-2700
Author(s):  
Abbas Askar ◽  
Melvyn B Davies ◽  
Ross P Church
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Stellar Clusters ◽  
Orbital Eccentricity ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Stellar Cluster ◽  
Wave Emission ◽  
Gas Accretion ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

ABSTRACT Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in most galactic nuclei. A significant fraction of these nuclei also contains a nuclear stellar cluster (NSC) surrounding the SMBH. In this paper, we consider the idea that the NSC forms first, from the merger of several stellar clusters that may contain intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). These IMBHs can subsequently grow in the NSC and form an SMBH. We carry out N-body simulations of the simultaneous merger of three stellar clusters to form an NSC, and investigate the outcome of simulated runs containing zero, one, two, and three IMBHs. We find that IMBHs can efficiently sink to the centre of the merged cluster. If multiple merging clusters contain an IMBH, we find that an IMBH binary is likely to form and subsequently merge by gravitational wave emission. We show that these mergers are catalyzed by dynamical interactions with surrounding stars, which systematically harden the binary and increase its orbital eccentricity. The seed SMBH will be ejected from the NSC by the recoil kick produced when two IMBHs merge, if their mass ratio q ≳ 0.15. If the seed is ejected then no SMBH will form in the NSC. This is a natural pathway to explain those galactic nuclei that contain an NSC but apparently lack an SMBH, such as M33. However, if an IMBH is retained then it can seed the growth of an SMBH through gas accretion and tidal disruption of stars.

scholarly journals Observational evidence for intermediate-mass black holes

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1730021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Mezcua
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Globular Clusters ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses in the range [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text], are the link between stellar-mass BHs and supermassive BHs (SMBHs). They are thought to be the seeds from which SMBHs grow, which would explain the existence of quasars with BH masses of up to 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M[Formula: see text] when the Universe was only 0.8 Gyr old. The detection and study of IMBHs has thus strong implications for understanding how SMBHs form and grow, which is ultimately linked to galaxy formation and growth, as well as for studies of the universality of BH accretion or the epoch of reionization. Proving the existence of seed BHs in the early Universe is not yet feasible with the current instrumentation; however, those seeds that did not grow into SMBHs can be found as IMBHs in the nearby Universe. In this review, I summarize the different scenarios proposed for the formation of IMBHs and gather all the observational evidence for the few hundreds of nearby IMBH candidates found in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, and ultraluminous X-ray sources, as well as the possible discovery of a few seed BHs at high redshift. I discuss some of their properties, such as X-ray weakness and location in the BH mass scaling relations, and the possibility to discover IMBHs through high velocity clouds, tidal disruption events, gravitational waves, or accretion disks in active galactic nuclei. I finalize with the prospects for the detection of IMBHs with up-coming observatories.

scholarly journals Intermediate-mass black holes in galactic nuclei

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (IAUS222) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny E. Greene ◽  
Luis C. Ho ◽  
Aaron J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

scholarly journals Gravitational-wave Captures by Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei

2020 ◽  
Vol 897 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Fragione ◽  
Abraham Loeb ◽  
Kyle Kremer ◽  
Frederic A. Rasio
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes

scholarly journals Intermediate-mass black holes from Population III remnants in the first galactic nuclei

2016 ◽  
Vol 460 (4) ◽  
pp. 4122-4134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taeho Ryu ◽  
Takamitsu L. Tanaka ◽  
Rosalba Perna ◽  
Zoltán Haiman
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Intermediate Mass Black Holes ◽  
Population Iii
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