4.4.4 Experimental determination of changes of surface stress due to adsorption - 4.4.5 Calculations of surface free energy and surface stress

2002 ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
D. Sander ◽  
H. Ibach
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Stress

scholarly journals Some problems of characterization of a solid surface via the surface free energy changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 647-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Chibowski
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Receding Contact

During the processes occurring at a solid surface, the changes in the surface free energy take place. The knowledge about surface free energy is very helpful for understanding the processes taking place on the surface. However, experimental determination of solid surface free energy is still not a fully solved problem. In this paper, some problems dealing with calculation of solid surface free energy from contact angle are discussed based on literature values of advancing and receding contact angles measured on four different fluoropolymers surface. The four approaches most often used for the calculation are described and especial focus on the approach in which both the advancing and receding contact angles is paid. It is concluded that using probing liquids the absolute value of solid surface free energy cannot be determined. However, the determined apparent values of the energy are very helpful to understand the conditions necessary for a given process to occur.

scholarly journals On factors affecting surface free energy of carbon black for reinforcing rubber

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shangyong Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng Zhong ◽  
Ruoyu Hong ◽  
David Hui
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Carrier Gas Flow

AbstractThe surface activity of carbon black (CB) is an important factor affecting the reinforcement of rubber. The quantitative determination of the surface activity (surface free energy) of CB is of great significance. A simplified formula is obtained to determine the free energy of CB surface through theoretical analysis and mathematical derivation. The surface free energy for four kinds of industrial CBs were measured by inverse gas chromatography, and the influential factors were studied. The results showed that the aging time of the chromatographic column plays an important role in accurate measurement of the surface free energy of CB, in comparison with the influences from the inlet pressure and carrier gas flow rate of the chromatographic column filled with CB. Several kinds of industrial CB were treated at high temperature, and the surface free energy of CB had a significant increase. With the increase of surface free energy, the maximum torque was decreased significantly, the elongation at break tended to increase, the heat generation of vulcanizates was increased, and the wear resistance was decreased.

An experimental determination of the free energy of hydrogen bonding to an anion radical

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 3410-3414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Stevenson ◽  
Yvonne Fraticelli ◽  
Rosario Concepcion
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Anion Radical

Determination of Components of Cassiterite Surface Free Energy from Contact Angle Measurements

1993 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jańczuk ◽  
J.M. Bruque ◽  
M.L. González-Martı́n ◽  
J.Moreno del Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements
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