Weight of Evidence for an Association between Adverse Reproductive and Developmental Effects and Exposure to Disinfection By-products: A Critical Review

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Gevecker Graves ◽  
Genevieve M. Matanoski ◽  
Robert G. Tardiff
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Wine By-Products as Raw Materials for the Production of Biopolymers and of Natural Reinforcing Fillers: A Critical Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nanni ◽  
Mariafederica Parisi ◽  
Martino Colonna
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Plastic Industry ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
By Products

The plastic industry is today facing a green revolution; however, biopolymers, produced in low amounts, expensive, and food competitive do not represent an efficient solution. The use of wine waste as second-generation feedstock for the synthesis of polymer building blocks or as reinforcing fillers could represent a solution to reduce biopolymer costs and to boost the biopolymer presence in the market. The present critical review reports the state of the art of the scientific studies concerning the use of wine by-products as substrate for the synthesis of polymer building blocks and as reinforcing fillers for polymers. The review has been mainly focused on the most used bio-based and biodegradable polymers present in the market (i.e., poly(lactic acid), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(hydroxyalkanoates)). The results present in the literature have been reviewed and elaborated in order to suggest new possibilities of development based on the chemical and physical characteristics of wine by-products.

scholarly journals Reproductive and developmental effects of disinfection by-products in drinking water.

1996 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1056-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Reif ◽  
M C Hatch ◽  
M Bracken ◽  
L B Holmes ◽  
B A Schwetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
By Products

Progress of the Research of Nitrogenous Disinfection By-Products Haloacetonitriles (HANs) in Drinking Water

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 374-382
Author(s):  
Gui Lin He ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Tu Qiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Removal Method ◽  
By Products

The presence of Haloacetonitriles (HANs) in drinking water is of concern due to its high genotoxi-city and cytotoxicity compared with regulated DBPs. Moreover, a shift from chlorination to chlora-mination increased the products of HANs. This paper provides a critical review of the property, the toxicity and the removal method of HANs. Exploring effective method to remove HANs and its precursors is one of the developing direction.

Extraction and modification technology of arabinoxylans from cereal by-products: A critical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengxiao Zhang ◽  
Christopher Smith ◽  
Weili Li
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Status and trends of nutraceuticals from onion and onion by-products: A critical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1280254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sohaib ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Farhan Saeed ◽  
Ali Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Status And Trends ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals New disinfection by-product issues: emerging DBPs and alternative routes of exposure

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Alternative Routes ◽  
Emerging Dbps ◽  
By Products

This paper discusses current issues with drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs), which include emerging (unregulated) DBPs that can be formed at greater levels with alternative disinfectants (as compared to chlorine) and routes of human exposure (which include inhalation and dermal exposure studies, in addition to ingestion). Health effects driving DBP research include the recently observed reproductive/developmental effects (including spontaneous abortion) observed in epidemiologic studies, as well as the discrepancy between the types of cancer observed in animal studies for regulated DBPs (mostly liver cancer) and the types of cancer observed in human epidemiologic studies (mostly bladder cancer). Emerging DBPs discussed in this paper include iodo-acids, bromonitromethanes, iodo-trihalomethanes (THMs), brominated forms of MX, bromoamides, a bromopyrrole, and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and other nitrosamines. Recent toxicity studies have revealed that several of these DBPs are more genotoxic (in isolated cells) than many of the DBPs currently regulated, and new occurrence data have revealed that many of these DBPs can, in some cases, be present at levels comparable to regulated DBPs. Of the alternative disinfectants, chloramination appears to increase the formation of iodo-acids, iodo-THMs, and NDMA and other nitrosamines, relative to chlorine. Preozonation appears to increase the formation of halonitromethanes.

Weight-of-Evidence Evaluation of Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Low Doses of Bisphenol A

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Goodman ◽  
Raphael J. Witorsch ◽  
Ernest E. McConnell ◽  
I. Glenn Sipes ◽  
Tracey M. Slayton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Evidence Evaluation

scholarly journals Developmental effects and genotoxicity of 10 water disinfection by-products in zebrafish

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Teixidó ◽  
Esther Piqué ◽  
Javier Gonzalez-Linares ◽  
Joan M. Llobet ◽  
Jesús Gómez-Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Dichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bromate ◽  
Developmental Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection ◽  
Tribromoacetic Acid ◽  
By Products

Disinfection by-products are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five haloacetic acids [HAAs] and sodium bromate) in the zebrafish embryo model were evaluated. Embryos exposed for 72 hours were observed for different endpoints such as growth, hatching success, malformations and lethality. THMs exposure resulted in adverse developmental effects and a significant reduced tail length. Two HAAs, tribromoacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid, along with sodium bromate were found to cause a significant increase in malformation rate. Chloroform, chlorodibromomethane and sodium bromate produced a weak induction of DNA damage to whole embryos. However, developmental effects occurred at a range of concentrations (20–100 μg/mL) several orders of magnitude above the levels that can be attained in fetal blood in humans exposed to chlorinated water. In conclusion, the teratogenic and genotoxic activity observed by some DBPs in zebrafish reinforce the view that there is a weak capacity of disinfection products to cause developmental effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.

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