Environmental Risk Harmonization: Federal/State Approaches to Risk Assessment and Management

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kamrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

GIS and Remote Sensing in Environmental Risk Assessment

2011 ◽  
pp. 840-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Mara Chen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Gis And Remote Sensing ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

The existence, well-being, and sustainable development of the global economy hinges upon the state of the earth’s environment. Effective environmental risk assessment and management issues have become increasingly important. With the ever-growing global population and expanding economic development, we consume more natural resources, produce more waste, and develop more areas into the regions that are prone to environmental risks. Although humans have interacted with the environment for thousands of years, environmental risk assessment and management is only a recent research undertaking. As the industrialization has made the human-environment interactions more dynamic and complex, the increased environmental risks have propelled and compelled people to use technologies for identifying and solving problems. The earliest global environmental applications of remote sensing and GIS technologies began in the 1960s, particularly marked by the successful launch of the TIROS- 1, the first meteorological satellite, and the development of computer-based geographic information systems (GIS). The story Silent Spring (Carson, 1962) awoke the public’s environmental consciousness and promoted the public demands for governments to set up environmental protection policies and research priorities. The birth of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 set the stage for modern environment risk assessment. The launch of the LANDSAT program in 1972 created a new way for monitoring global land use and land cover changes (Foley, 1999; Goward, Masek, Williams, Irons, & Thompson, 2001).

Current needs in environmental risk management

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
S E Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Public Expectations ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Risk assessment and management have become central to many health and environmental issues in recent years. Despite high expectations for the applications of science to identify and manage risks, many of these issues remain controversial. Some of the foundations of risk assessment and management are explored and needs for improvement are identified. Inputs from models, data, and uncertainty analyses are reviewed and goals for risk assessment, management, and communication are considered. Ultimately a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of these processes, primarily by the specialists and decision makers, is a prerequisite to more effective involvement of affected stakeholders in risk management. Unless some better basic understanding is achieved, public expectations and demands for risk management are likely to remain unachievable.

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