Involvement of protein phosphorylation in the induction of appressorium formation in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides by its host surface wax and ethylene

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Flaishman ◽  
C.-S. Hwang ◽  
P.E. Kolattukudy
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Surface Wax

scholarly journals Analysis of a Blumeria graminis-Secreted Lipase Reveals the Importance of Host Epicuticular Wax Components for Fungal Adhesion and Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1601-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Guosheng Liu ◽  
David Greenshields ◽  
Wenyun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Secreted Lipase

The biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis releases extracellular materials to the surface of fungal infection structures that facilitate anchoring them to hydrophobic plant surfaces prior to infection; however, the chemistry of fungal adhesives and the mechanism of adhesion remain largely unclear. Expressed sequence tag analysis led to identification of a secreted lipase, Lip1, from B. graminis. Expression of LIP1 is dramatically upregulated during the early stages of fungal development. Lip1, secreted to the surface of fungal cell walls, possesses lipolytic activity against a broad range of glycerides and releases alkanes and primary fatty alcohols from the epicuticular wax of wheat leaves. Of the epicuticular wax components released by Lip1 activity, long-chain alkanes are the most efficient cues for triggering appressorium formation. Pretreatment of wheat leaves with Lip1, thereby removing leaf surface wax, severely compromises components of fungal pathogenicity, including conidial adhesion, appressorium formation, and secondary hypha growth. Our data suggest that Lip1 activity releases cues from the host surface to promote pathogen development and infection.

Host signals in fungal gene expression involved in penetration into the host

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1160-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pappachan E. Kolattukudy ◽  
Daoxin Li ◽  
Cheng-Shine Hwang ◽  
Moshe A. Flaishman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Appressorium Formation ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Plant Signals ◽  
Host Signals ◽  
Fungal Gene Expression ◽  
Host Signal

Fungal spores, on contact with their hosts, perceive the plant signals and consequently initiate gene expression that enables the fungus to penetrate through the host barriers. Germination and appressorium formation by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides spore is induced by host surface wax on the growing avocado (Persea americana) fruits and, at ripening of the fruit, ethylene induces multiple appressorium formation. Both the wax and ethylene may use phosphorylation of 29- and 43-kDa proteins in the signal transduction. Unique genes that are expressed during appressorium formation induced by the host signal were cloned and sequenced. These include cap3 and cap5 that encode cysteine-rich small proteins, cap22 that encodes a secreted glycoprotein found in the appressorial wall, and cap20 whose disruption drastically decreases virulence. Disruption of cutinase gene drastically reduces the virulence of Fusarium solani pisi on pea (Pisum sativum L.). The promoter elements in cutinase gene involved in the induction of this gene by the hydroxy fatty acid monomers of cutin were identified and transcription factors that bind these elements were cloned. One of them, that binds to a palindrome, essential for cutinase induction, was found to be phosphorylated. Several proteins kinases from F. solani pisi were cloned. Key words: appressorium, cutin, cutinase, ethylene, gene disruption, protein phosphorylation, protein kinase, transcription factor.

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