scholarly journals Judgment Biases in a Simulated Classroom—A Cognitive-Environmental Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 527-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Fiedler ◽  
Eva Walther ◽  
Peter Freytag ◽  
Henning Plessner
Keyword(s):  
Judgment Biases

scholarly journals Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Axt ◽  
Grace Casola ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Social Biases

Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven preregistered studies (total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias affected that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category ( r = .095), but showed near-zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category ( r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias.

scholarly journals Reducing social judgment biases may require identifying the potential source of bias

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Axt ◽  
Grace Casola ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgment ◽  
Bias Reduction ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Social Bias ◽  
Total N ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Social Biases

Social judgment is shaped by multiple biases operating simultaneously, but most bias-reduction interventions target only a single social category. In seven pre-registered studies (Total N > 7,000), we investigated whether asking participants to avoid one social bias impacted that and other social biases. Participants selected honor society applicants based on academic credentials. Applicants also differed on social categories irrelevant for selection: attractiveness and ingroup status. Participants asked to avoid potential bias in one social category showed small but reliable reductions in bias for that category (r = .095), but showed near zero bias reduction on the unmentioned social category (r = .006). Asking participants to avoid many possible social biases or alerting them to bias without specifically identifying a category did not consistently reduce bias. The effectiveness of interventions for reducing social biases may be highly specific, perhaps even contingent on explicitly and narrowly identifying the potential source of bias.

How Field Experiments in Economics Can Complement Psychological Research on Judgment Biases

2021 ◽  
pp. 096372142110336
Author(s):  
John A. List
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Endowment Effect ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Individual Behaviors ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Omission Bias ◽  
Open Air Markets

This review summarizes results of field experiments examining individual behaviors across several market settings—from open-air markets to rideshare markets to tax-compliance markets—where people sort themselves into market roles wherein they make consequential decisions. Using three distinct examples from my own research on the endowment effect, left-digit bias, and omission bias, I showcase how field experiments can help researchers understand mediators, heterogeneity, and causal moderation involved in judgment biases in the field. In this manner, the review highlights that economic field experiments can serve an invaluable intellectual role alongside traditional laboratory research.

The relation between 8- to 17-year-olds’ judgments of other’s honesty and their own past honest behaviors

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Evans ◽  
Kang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Deceptive Behavior ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
Deceptive Behaviors

The present investigation examined whether school-aged children and adolescents’ own deceptive behavior of cheating and lying influenced their honesty judgments of their same-aged peers. Eighty 8- to 17-year-olds who had previously participated in a study examining cheating and lie-telling behaviors were invited to make honesty judgments of their peers’ denials of having peeked at the answers to a test. While participants’ accuracy rates for making honesty judgments were at chance levels, judgment biases were found based on participants own past cheating and lie-telling behaviors. Specifically, those who cheated and lied were biased towards believing that their peers would behave in the same manner. In contrast, participants who had not cheated were biased towards judging their peers as honest. These findings suggest that by 8 years of age there is a relation between one’s own deceptive behaviors and judgments of other’s honesty.

Self-control today, indulgence tomorrow? How judgment bias and temporal distance influence self-control decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Wagner Junior Ladeira ◽  
Fernando Oliveira Santini ◽  
Diego Costa Pinto ◽  
Clécio Falcao Araujo ◽  
Fernando A. Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Judgment Biases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Short And Long Term

Purpose This paper aims to analyze how judgment bias (optimism vs pessimism) and temporal distance influence self-control decisions. This research also analyzes the mediating role of perceived control on judgment bias and temporal distance. Design/methodology/approach Three studies (one laboratory and two online experiments) analyze how judgment bias and temporal distance influence self-control decisions on consumers’ willingness to pay. Findings The findings uncover an important boundary condition of temporal distance on self-control decisions. In contrast to previous research, the findings indicate that individuals exposed to optimism (vs pessimism) bias display more self-control in the future and make choices that are more indulgent in the present. The findings also reveal that perceived control mediates the effects of judgment bias and temporal distance. Practical implications The findings help managers to adapt short- and long-term marketing efforts, based on consumers’ momentary judgment biases and on their chronic judgment bias orientation. Originality/value This research contributes to the literature on self-control and temporal distance, showing that judgment bias reverses previous research findings on self-control decisions.

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