In Vivo Microdialysis in an Animal Model of Neurological Disease: Thiamine Deficiency (Wernicke) Encephalopathy

Methods ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn G. Todd ◽  
Roger F. Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy

scholarly journals To be or not to be pink(1): contradictory findings in an animal model for Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria de Haas ◽  
Lisa C M W Heltzel ◽  
Denise Tax ◽  
Petra van den Broek ◽  
Hilbert Steenbreker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Motor Deficits

Abstract The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 knockout rat (Pink1−/−) is marketed as an established model for Parkinson’s disease, characterized by development of motor deficits and progressive degeneration of half the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta by 8 months of age. In this study, we address our concerns about the reproducibility of the Pink1−/− rat model. We evaluated behavioural function, number of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and extracellular striatal dopamine concentrations by in vivo microdialysis. Strikingly, we and others failed to observe any loss of dopaminergic neurons in 8-month-old male Pink1−/− rats. To understand this variability, we compared key experimental parameters from the different studies and provide explanations for contradictory findings. Although Pink1−/− rats developed behavioural deficits, these could not be attributed to nigrostriatal degeneration as there was no loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and no changes in neurotransmitter levels in the striatum. To maximize the benefit of Parkinson’s disease research and limit the unnecessary use of laboratory animals, it is essential that the research community is aware of the limits of this animal model. Additional research is needed to identify reasons for inconsistency between Pink1−/− rat colonies and why degeneration in the substantia nigra is not consistent.

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy with rapid evolution toward dementia in alcoholic dependence – case report

Psihiatru ro ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Cătălina Crişan ◽  
Laura Grosu ◽  
Oana Vanţa
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Full Recovery ◽  
Wernicke Encephalopathy ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Patients Experience

Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neuropsychiatric condition caused by thiamine deficiency. Only a small percentage of patients experience all three symptoms, with ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion, and the full triad occurs more frequently among those who have overused alcohol. The evolution is toward full recovery, Korsakoff syndrome, dementia or death. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient, known with a diagnostic of alcoholism, who was admitted for a complicated withdrawal syndrome with delirium and who developed encephalopathy and dementia syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of systemic glycine on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels and ethanol intake in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Olsson ◽  
Helga Höifödt Lidö ◽  
Klara Danielsson ◽  
Mia Ericson ◽  
Bo Söderpalm
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Glycine Transporter 1 ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Principle ◽  
Reward Pathway

AbstractApproved medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display modest effect sizes. Pharmacotherapy aimed at the mechanism(s) by which ethanol activates the dopamine reward pathway may offer improved outcomes. Basal and ethanol-induced accumbal dopamine release in the rat involve glycine receptors (GlyR) in the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Glycine transporter 1 (GlyT-1) inhibitors, which raise extracellular glycine levels, have repeatedly been shown to decrease ethanol intake in the rat. To further explore the rational for elevating glycine levels in the treatment of AUD, this study examined accumbal extracellular glycine and dopamine levels and voluntary ethanol intake and preference in the rat, after systemic treatment with glycine. The effects of three different doses of glycine i.p. on accumbal glycine and dopamine levels were examined using in vivo microdialysis in Wistar rats. In addition, the effects of the intermediate dose of glycine on voluntary ethanol intake and preference were examined in a limited access two-bottle ethanol/water model in the rat. Systemic glycine treatment increased accumbal glycine levels in a dose-related manner, whereas accumbal dopamine levels were elevated in a subpopulation of animals, defined as dopamine responders. Ethanol intake and preference decreased after systemic glycine treatment. These results give further support to the concept of elevating central glycine levels to reduce ethanol intake and indicate that targeting the glycinergic system may represent a pharmacologic treatment principle for AUD.

scholarly journals Preclinical Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection and Characterization of Osteomyelitis: Experiences from a Porcine Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup ◽  
Svend Borup Jensen ◽  
Ole Lerberg Nielsen ◽  
Lars Jødal ◽  
Pia Afzelius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The development of new and better radioactive tracers capable of detecting and characterizing osteomyelitis is an ongoing process, mainly because available tracers lack selectivity towards osteomyelitis. An integrated part of developing new tracers is the performance of in vivo tests using appropriate animal models. The available animal models for osteomyelitis are also far from ideal. Therefore, developing improved animal osteomyelitis models is as important as developing new radioactive tracers. We recently published a review on radioactive tracers. In this review, we only present and discuss osteomyelitis models. Three ethical aspects (3R) are essential when exposing experimental animals to infections. Thus, we should perform experiments in vitro rather than in vivo (Replacement), use as few animals as possible (Reduction), and impose as little pain on the animal as possible (Refinement). The gain for humans should by far exceed the disadvantages for the individual experimental animal. To this end, the translational value of animal experiments is crucial. We therefore need a robust and well-characterized animal model to evaluate new osteomyelitis tracers to be sure that unpredicted variation in the animal model does not lead to a misinterpretation of the tracer behavior. In this review, we focus on how the development of radioactive tracers relies heavily on the selection of a reliable animal model, and we base the discussions on our own experience with a porcine model.

1914 Conditioned fear increases noradrenaline release in the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus: Assessed by in vivo microdialysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. S215
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kawahara ◽  
Masami Yoshida ◽  
Hideyasu Yokoo ◽  
Masakatsu Nishi ◽  
Masatoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Noradrenaline Release ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus

scholarly journals A Novel Infection Protocol in Zebrafish Embryo to Assess Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence and Validate Efficacy of a Quorum Sensing Inhibitor In Vivo

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Pauline Nogaret ◽  
Fatima El El Garah ◽  
Anne-Béatrice Blanc-Potard
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen

The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for a variety of acute infections and is a major cause of mortality in chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. Due to increased resistance to antibiotics, new therapeutic strategies against P. aeruginosa are urgently needed. In this context, we aimed to develop a simple vertebrate animal model to rapidly assess in vivo drug efficacy against P. aeruginosa. Zebrafish are increasingly considered for modeling human infections caused by bacterial pathogens, which are commonly microinjected in embryos. In the present study, we established a novel protocol for zebrafish infection by P. aeruginosa based on bath immersion in 96-well plates of tail-injured embryos. The immersion method, followed by a 48-hour survey of embryo viability, was first validated to assess the virulence of P. aeruginosa wild-type PAO1 and a known attenuated mutant. We then validated its relevance for antipseudomonal drug testing by first using a clinically used antibiotic, ciprofloxacin. Secondly, we used a novel quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory molecule, N-(2-pyrimidyl)butanamide (C11), the activity of which had been validated in vitro but not previously tested in any animal model. A significant protective effect of C11 was observed on infected embryos, supporting the ability of C11 to attenuate in vivo P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. In conclusion, we present here a new and reliable method to compare the virulence of P. aeruginosa strains in vivo and to rapidly assess the efficacy of clinically relevant drugs against P. aeruginosa, including new antivirulence compounds.

scholarly journals Development and in‐vivo Assessment of a Novel MRI‐Compatible Headframe System for the Ovine Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Trovatelli ◽  
Stefano Brizzola ◽  
Davide Danilo Zani ◽  
Antonella Castellano ◽  
Paola Mangili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
In Vivo Assessment
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